Characterization of Gellan Gum by Capillary Electrophoresis

Taylor, Danielle L.; Ferris, Cameron J.; Maniego, Alison R.; Castignolles, Patrice; Panhuis, Marc in het; Gaborieau, Marianne

doi:10.1071/ch12211

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Endotoxin‐free LAGG (molecular weight range as specified by manufacturer 2–3 × 10 5 Da, Gelzan CM, Lot #9K6969A) and HAGG (molecular weight range as specified by manufacturer 1.5–2.5 × 10 6 Da, Kelcogel LT 100, Lot #9K6878A) were a gift from CP Kelco. Note, the molecular weight ranges should be seen as indicative values as determining the molecular weight of GG is not straightforward . Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin (PS), and Dulbecco's PBS (DPBS), salts required for PBS solution preparation and CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characteristics of swollen gellan gum hydrogels

Silva

Poole-Warren

Martens

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The behavior of swollen gellan gum hydrogels in terms of mechanical properties, weight loss, and cell growth inhibition of leachates is presented. Low-acyl gellan gum (LAGG), high-acyl gellan gum (HAGG), and a HAGG-LAGG blend were soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and 37 C for up to 168 days. The gels exhibited their maximum mass loss and swelling after 28 days of immersion in PBS. LAGG gels exhibited lower value for mass loss and the chain-release diffusion coefficient than gels consisting of HAGG and the HAGG-LAGG blend. The change in mechanical and rheological characteristics during soaking of the three hydrogels was attributed to mass loss, while LAGG hydrogels also showed evidence of effects because of cation exchange with the surrounding medium. The mechanical characteristics of the LAGG, HAGG, and blend hydrogels relative to each other did not change during swelling (although the magnitude changed). L929 fibroblasts growth inhibition tests showed that the leachate products of the three gels can be considered noncytotoxic, which is important for their future application in tissue engineering. 53 6 2 e f , strain-at-failure; E t , tangent modulus calculated using the slope of a linear fit of the stress-strain plot at 15%-25% strain; G 0 , storage modulus; G 00 , loss modulus; c max , maximum shear strain; r f , stress-at-failure; s max , the maximum shear stress. The naming convention for the sample name is "hydrogel type-days immersed." For example, LAGG-28 indicates a LAGG hydrogel immersed for 28 days. The height of gels used in rheological and compression testing was 5 and 10 mm, respectively. ARTICLE WWW.MATERIALSVIEWS.COM WILEYONLINELIBRARY.COM/APP

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characteristics of swollen gellan gum hydrogels

Silva

Poole-Warren

Martens

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…1). This [28] showed that there was in increase in gellan oligomers following sonication at only 30% amplitude which resulted in a reduction in apparent viscosity, as a result of reduced intermolecular entanglement [28]. In the present study it was shown that by varying sonication amplitude from 0% to 100% a reduction in viscosity can be tuned to the level required for the application (Fig 2), from small reductions in viscosity at low amplitudes to dramatic reductions and an almost complete loss of nonNewtonian behaviour at 100% sonication amplitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been previously shown that sonication can be used to lower the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of gellan gum [28]. To evaluate the effects of this sonication protocol on such properties, measurements of the intrinsic viscosity of sonicated and un-sonicated gellan were taken (Fig.…”

Section: Determination Of Intrinsic Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the rheology of gellan gum hydrogels in cell culture conditions

Moxon

Smith

2016

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Successful culturing of tissues within polysaccharide hydrogels is reliant upon specific mechanical properties. Namely, the stiffness and elasticity of the gel have been shown to have a profound effect on cell behaviour in 3D cell cultures and correctly tuning these mechanical properties is critical to the success of culture. The usual way of tuning mechanical properties of a hydrogel to suit tissue engineering applications is to change the concentration of polymer or its cross-linking agents. In this study sonication applied at various amplitudes was used to control mechanical properties of gellan gum solutions and gels. This method enables the stiffness and elasticity of gellan gum hydrogels cross-linked with DMEM to be controlled without changing either polymer concentration or cross-linker concentration. Controlling the mechanical behaviour of gellan hydrogels impacted upon the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in encapsulated MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts. This shows the potential of applying a simple technique to generate hydrogels where tissue-specific mechanical properties can be produced that subsequently influence cell behaviour.

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“…(S3) in the Supporting Information) and higher electrophoretic mobilities of the carbohydrates in KOH. The increase in carbohydrate size in KOH might be due to a stronger complexation of the carbohydrates with K + leading to a larger hydrodynamic radius than with Na + or Li + in the conditions used or a difference in the structure of the carbohydrate in the presence of the cation as observed with the helix conformation of gellan gums induced by K + but not by Na + . Although the carbohydrates have a larger electrophoretic mobility in KOH than in NaOH, the sugar alcohols have a smaller electrophoretic mobility: sugar alcohols may not complex with K + .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The ability to monitor ethanol as well as carbohydrates on the same instrument and capillary to provide a complete picture of the fermentation sample is a major advantage over other methods currently used. Another advantage of free‐solution CE, especially given the recent developments in coupling CE systems to bioreactors , is that it can be used without filtration in most situations , including online fermentation monitoring. Sensitivity may be increased through the use of photoinitiators if needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and robust monitoring of ethanol fermentations by capillary electrophoresis

Oliver

Sutton

Karu

et al. 2014

Biotech and App Biochem

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Free-solution capillary electrophoresis (CE), or capillary zone electrophoresis, with direct UV detection was used for the first time for the determination of mono- and disaccharides, sugar alcohols, and ethanol in fermentation broths. Sample preparation proved to be minimal: no derivatization or specific sample purification was needed. The CE conditions can be adapted to the type of fermentation by simply altering the background electrolyte (BGE). KOH (130 mM) or NaOH (130 mM) as the BGE led to the fastest analysis time when monitoring simple fermentations. A mixture of 65 mM NaOH and 65 mM LiOH led to a 19% improvement in resolution for a complex mixture of carbohydrates. Quantification of a simple carbohydrate fermentation by CE showed values in close agreement with that of high-performance anion exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a cation exchange resin. For complex fermentations, quantification of carbohydrates by HPLC and CE led to similar results, whereas CE requires an injection volume of only 10-20 nL. Analysis of an ethanol fermentation of hydrolyzed plant fiber demonstrated the robustness of the separation and detection of carbohydrates, as well as ethanol. Ethanol determination is achieved by coupling the CE method to pressure mobilization, using the same instrument and the same sample.

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Characterization of Gellan Gum by Capillary Electrophoresis

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Mechanical characteristics of swollen gellan gum hydrogels

Mechanical characteristics of swollen gellan gum hydrogels

Controlling the rheology of gellan gum hydrogels in cell culture conditions

Simple and robust monitoring of ethanol fermentations by capillary electrophoresis

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