“…This conversion of oxidation states from Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ in ceria is possible due to unoccupied 4f states, and it makes this material more suitable for oxygen vacancy creation [2]. Ceria exhibits cubic & hexagonal sesquioxide structures [3] and possesses novel physical and chemical properties leading to a spacious range of applications such as photocatalytic, hydrogen production, gas sensors, etc [4]. Generally, the physical, as well as chemical properties of ceria, are owing to the creation of point defects and micro to nanoscale transformation [5].…”