Characterization of gabaergic neurons within the human medial mamillary nucleus

Dixon, Gavin; Garrick, Thomas; Whiteman, Ineka T.; Sarris, Maria; Sithamparanathan, S.; Harper, Clive

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.009

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For this purpose we used GAD as a marker of GABAergic interneurons as well as the calcium‐binding proteins calretinin and parvalbumin. We could in part confirm findings of others showing that in the human MB ( a ) GAD is expressed in a small subpopulation of neurons only, and ( b ) that GAD does not colocalize with either calretinin or parvalbumin 15 . Instead, these two proteins were shown to appear in glutamate/aspartate‐immunoreactive neurons projecting to the anterior thalamus and the midbrain 15,16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We could in part confirm findings of others showing that in the human MB (a) GAD is expressed in a small subpopulation of neurons only, and (b) that GAD does not colocalize with either calretinin or parvalbumin. 15 Instead, these two proteins were shown to appear in glutamate/aspartate-immunoreactive neurons projecting to the anterior thalamus and the midbrain. 15,16 Parvalbumin-expressing neurons have been shown to be reduced in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Instead, these two proteins were shown to appear in glutamate/aspartate-immunoreactive neurons projecting to the anterior thalamus and the midbrain. 15,16 Parvalbumin-expressing neurons have been shown to be reduced in schizophrenia. 17 In most brain areas, parvalbumin immunolabels GABAergic interneurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strongly Reduced Number of Parvalbumin‐Immunoreactive Projection Neurons in the Mammillary Bodies in Schizophrenia

Bernstein

Krause

Krell

et al. 2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The mammillary bodies (MB) are important relay nuclei within limbic and extralimbic connections. They are known to play important roles in memory formation and are affected in alcoholism and vitamin B1 deficiency. Their strategic position linking temporo-limbic to cortico-thalamic brain structures make the MB a candidate brain structure for alterations in schizophrenia. We studied 15 postmortem brains of schizophrenics and 15 matched control brains. Brain sections were stained either with Heidenhain-Woelcke, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), calretinin, or parvalbumin. We determined the volumes of the MB and performed cell countings using stereological principles and a computerized image analysis system. The volumes of MB do not differ between schizophrenics and controls. However, in schizophrenia the number of neurons as well as the resulting neuronal densities was significantly reduced on both sides (on left side by 38.9%, on right side by 22%). No changes were seen in the number of GAD-expressing or calretinin-containing neurons, whereas the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive MB neurons was reduced by more than 50% in schizophrenia. This cell loss (as a result of developmental malformation and/or neurodegeneration) points to a prominent involvement of the MB in the pathomorphology of schizophrenia. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive GABAergic interneurons have been reported to be diminished in schizophrenia. However, in the MB parvalbumin labels a subpopulation of glutamate/aspartate-containing neurons projecting mainly to the anterior thalamus. Thus, our data provide new evidence for impaired limbic circuits in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strongly Reduced Number of Parvalbumin‐Immunoreactive Projection Neurons in the Mammillary Bodies in Schizophrenia

Bernstein

Krause

Krell

et al. 2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…However, correlation analyses carried out in the present study indicate that the postmortem delays did not significantly affect the number of GAD‐ir neurons in the STN. Furthermore, the postmortem delays in this study were in the range of those encountered in studies by Dixon and colleagues, which aimed at detecting GAD‐ir neurons at thalamic33 and hypothalamic34 levels in human. The GAD 65/67 antibody employed in those studies was the same as the one used here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Sections of the second set were incubated in a solution containing NGS (2%), Triton X‐100 (0.1%) and GAD antibody during 48 hours at 4°C. The GAD polyclonal antibody (G‐5163; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was raised in rabbit using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C‐terminal region of GAD 67 of human origin; it recognizes the two isoforms of the enzyme (GAD 65 and GAD 67 ) and has been used successfully in previous immunohistochemical studies involving human postmortem brain material 33, 34. After three rinses in PBS, sections were incubated in a solution containing NGS (2%), Triton X‐100 (0.1%), and goat biotinylated IgG (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) for 1 hour at room temperature.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAergic interneurons in human subthalamic nucleus

2005

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered a homogeneous structure composed essentially of projection neurons that exert a profound glutamate-mediated excitatory influence upon the main output structures of the basal ganglia. It is currently the most efficient target for deep brain stimulations designed to alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease. STN neurons were analyzed by applying stereological methods and single/double-immunostaining procedures to postmortem material obtained from normal individuals. Besides a multitude of closely packed projection neurons ( approximately 24.7 mum in diameter), the human STN (mean volume, 174.5 +/- 20.4 mm3; total neuronal density, 239.5 +/- 31.9 x 10(3)) contained smaller neurons (approximately 12.2 microm), which displayed glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)(65/67) immunoreactivity and shared the morphological features of interneurons described in Golgi studies of primate STN. These putative gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons accounted for 7.5% of the total neuronal population of the STN. Although present throughout the nucleus, they were significantly more numerous in its posterior-ventral-medial sector, which belongs to the limbic/associative functional territory. Many projection neurons located dorsolaterally in the STN showed parvalbumin immunoreactivity and others lying ventromedially displayed calretinin immunostaining, but none of the GAD-positive interneurons expressed these calcium-binding proteins. Although less abundant than projection neurons, GABAergic interneurons might play a important role in the intrinsic organization of the STN. The morphological and chemical heterogeneity of the human STN reported here might have important implications in the functional organization of the basal ganglia.

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Calbindin‐D28k and calretinin expression in the forebrain of anuran and urodele amphibians: Further support for newly identified subdivisions

Morona

González

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

120

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A general pattern of organization of the forebrain shared by amphibians, mainly anurans, and amniotes has been proposed considering the relative topography of the territories, their connectivity, and their neurochemistry. These criteria were needed because the amphibians possess limited cell migration from the ventricle that precludes a parcellation into circumscribed nuclei. In the present study we have tested the identity of most newly described forebrain territories in anurans and urodeles with regard to their content in calbindin-D28k (CB) and calretinin (CR). By means of immunohistochemistry, these proteins were demonstrated to be particularly abundant and specifically distributed in the amphibian forebrain and were extremely useful markers for delineating nuclear boundaries otherwise indistinguishable. In the telencephalon, labeled cells in the pallium allowed the identification of particular regions with marked differences between anurans and urodeles, whereas the subpallium showed more conservative patterns of distribution. In particular, the components of the amygdaloid complex and the basal ganglia were distinctly labeled. The distribution in the nonevaginated secondary prosencephalon and diencephalon showed abundant common features between anurans and urodeles, highlighted using the prosomeric model for the comparison. In the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus of urodeles, the CB and CR staining was particularly suitable for the identification of diverse structures within the simple periventricular gray layer. However, the analysis across species also revealed a considerable degree of heterogeneity, even within comparatively well-defined neuronal populations. Therefore, the content of a particular calcium binding protein in a neuronal group is not a fully reliable criterion for considering homologies.

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Characterization of gabaergic neurons within the human medial mamillary nucleus

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Strongly Reduced Number of Parvalbumin‐Immunoreactive Projection Neurons in the Mammillary Bodies in Schizophrenia

Strongly Reduced Number of Parvalbumin‐Immunoreactive Projection Neurons in the Mammillary Bodies in Schizophrenia

GABAergic interneurons in human subthalamic nucleus

Calbindin‐D28k and calretinin expression in the forebrain of anuran and urodele amphibians: Further support for newly identified subdivisions

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