“…Sensing toxic and flammable gases is a subject of growing importance in both domestic and industrial environments. Metal oxides such as Ga 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , WO 3 , TiO 2 , and ZnO [4][5][6][7][8][9] are stable physically and chemically and are widely investigated for gas and humidity detections. Sensing performance, especially response, is controlled by three independent factors: the receptor function, transducer function, and utility.…”