Characterization of Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini causing root disease of Pinus patula seedlings in South Africa

Viljoen, A.; Marasas, W. F. O.; Wingfield, M.J.; Viljoen, Christopher D.

doi:10.1017/s0953756296002778

Cited by 83 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Furthermore, infecting trees with spore concentrations higher than those that might occur naturally can confound the results. For example, inoculating healthy 2-month-old P. patula seedlings with a spore drench will kill all seedlings within 4 weeks (Viljoen et al 1994). However, when inoculating 4-year-old P. patula trees, signs of recovery can be seen 10 months from the inoculation date (Viljoen et al 1995).…”

Section: Strategy 3: Breeding and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusarium circinatum was first described on infected Pinus virginiana trees in North Carolina, USA (Hepting and Roth 1946). Subsequently, the pathogen has been identified in Haiti (Berry and Hepting 1959), all of south-eastern USA down to Florida (Dwinell et al 1985), California (McCain et al 1987), Japan (Kobayashi and Muramoto 1989), South Africa (Viljoen et al 1994), Spain (Dwinell et al 1998), Mexico (Guerra-Santos 1999), Chile (Wingfield et al 2002b), Italy (Carlucci et al 2007) and most recently Portugal (Bragança et al 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it was known to occur on nursery seedlings elsewhere Blakeslee 1980, Dwinell 1999), its emergence as a major nursery pathogen in South Africa was a problem unique to this country (Viljoen et al 1994, 1997, Bayley and Blakeway 2002, Wingfield et al 2002a, and later also in Chile (Wingfield et al 2002b) and Portugal (Bragança et al 2009). In South Africa, the impact of the pathogen in nurseries has extended beyond the direct losses to nursery plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Mitchell

Steenkamp

Coutinho

et al. 2011

Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science

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Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker of mature pines and root/collar rot of pine seedlings/cuttings, has resulted in large-scale losses to pine forestry in various parts of the world. The disease caused by this fungus is now regarded as one of the most important threats to pine plantations by a pathogen. Fusarium circinatum was first discovered in South Africa in 1990 where it infected Pinus patula seedlings in a nursery. Subsequently, the pathogen spread to pine nurseries in all other parts of the country, where it affects several Pinus species. Fusarium circinatum then appeared in the field where it has resulted in large-scale mortality of mostly young P. patula seedlings after planting. Pitch canker first appeared on mature P. radiata in 2006 and sporadic outbreaks of the disease have occurred subsequently on this species and on P. greggii in the western, southern and north-eastern Cape. Pinus patula is the most important softwood species grown in South Africa, comprising 50% of all softwoods planted, and is highly susceptible to F. circinatum. The pathogen, therefore, poses a potentially devastating threat to the future sustainability of the South African softwood industry. Strategic measures to minimise further spread are urgently needed. This review presents an overview of the impact that F. circinatum has had on South African forestry, and it considers the long-term prospects for pine forestry in the country as this relates to the presence of the pitch canker fungus.

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Section: Strategy 3: Breeding and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Mitchell

Steenkamp

Coutinho

et al. 2011

Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science

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“…Pitch canker was first reported in 1946 on Pinus virginiana in North Carolina, USA (Hepting and Roth, 1946), and it later appeared on Pinus elliottii in Florida, Pinus taeda in Mississippi, and on Pinus radiata in California where it has caused a significant epidemic in its native range (Dwinell and Phelps, 1977;Gordon et al, 2001;Storer et al, 1997). The pathogen is also found in Japan (Kobayashi and Muramoto, 1989), South Africa (Viljoen et al, 1994), Mexico (Guerra-Santos, 1999), South Korea (Lee et al, 2000), Chile (Wingfield et al, 2002), Spain (Landeras et al, 2005), and was recently reported from Italy (Carlucci et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Assessment of Pathogenic Variation against Pitch Canker Pathogen, Fusarium circinatum in Pinus thunbergii and Responses of Natural Selection Pinus × rigitaeda to Branch Inoculation in a Seed Orchard

Woo¹,

Yoon²,

Han³

et al. 2010

The Plant Pathology Journal

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A half-sib family of two 4-year-old seedlings of Pinus × rigitaeda was inoculated with each of 20 Pinus thunbergii isolates of Fusarium circinatum (syn. Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini) from two pitch canker damaged sites in Jeju Island, South Korea. Initial symptoms of needle damages were visible on most of the seedlings at 18 days after inoculation. The 20 tested isolates were not significantly different in virulence, based on lesion lengths at the site of inoculation (P = 0.217). The most virulent isolate FT-7 showed the longest lesion length. Some seedlings began to die 46 days after inoculation. All seedlings were dead by 68 days after inoculation except two seedlings inoculated with each of isolates FS-2 and FS-13, respectively. Using the FT-7, 38-year-old 11 P. × rigitaeda trees, which were survived from a seed orchard severely damaged by pitch canker, were inoculated on branches in the seed orchard in Jeju Island to assess differences in susceptibility to pitch canker. The 11 trees differed significantly (P < 0.001) in susceptibility to F. circinatum based on average lesion lengths measured 56 days after inoculation. It is possible that induced resistance contributed to their capacity to limit lesion development. The susceptibility of natural selection P. × rigitaeda trees are more likely affected by interaction with F. circinatum rather than environmental conditions.

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“…Entre as técnicas moleculares utilizadas para discriminação de Fusarium spp. destacam-se: Polimorfismo de DNA amplificado ao acaso (RAPD) (Duteau & Leslie, 1991;Ouellet & Seifert, 1993;Voigt et al, 1995;Viljoen et al, 1997), Polimorfismo no comprimento de fragmentos de restrição (RFLP) (Correll et al, 1992;Nicholson et al, 1993), espaços intergênicos transcritos (ITS 1 e ITS 2) (O'Donnell & Cigelnik, 1997;Waalwijk et al, 1996) e dados de seqüências gênicas conservadas (Steenkamp et al, 2000a), Polimorfismo no comprimento de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP) (Jurgenson et al, 2002) e Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia (PCR) (Hue et al, 1999;Steenkamp et al, 2000b). Steenpkamp et al (1999) combinaram as técnicas de PCR-RFLP para a diferenciação dos fungos de F. subglutinans associados a vários hospedeiros (cana-de-açúcar, pinheiro, mangueira e milho).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Utilização de marcador molecular SCAR na identificação de Fusarium subglutinans, agente causal da malformação da mangueira

et al. 2007

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RESUMO-O gênero Fusarium é responsável por doenças em diversas plantas economicamente importantes. Entre estas doenças, destaca-se a malformação da mangueira, causada pelo fungo Fusarium subglutinans. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver oligonucleotídeos iniciadores para reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), específicos para o fungo F. subglutinans da mangueira. A amplificação de DNA de oito Fusarium spp. de diferentes hospedeiros, usando o oligonucleotídeo randômico UBC-41 (TTAACCGGGG), produziu um fragmento de aproximadamente 1.300 pb somente para o fungo da mangueira. Tendo em vista que padrões de bandeamento por RAPD não são considerados confiáveis devido à baixa reprodutibilidade dos resultados, o fragmento diferencial foi eluído do gel de agarose, purificado, clonado e seqüenciado. As seqüências nucleotídicas foram utilizadas para identificar e sintetizar quatro pares de oligonucleotídeos específicos, denominados Fs 5, Fs 13, Fs 14 e Fs 15. DNAs de Fusarium spp. de outros hospedeiros (alho, amendoim, cana-de-açúcar, ciclâmen, ervilha, melão e trigo), da planta de mangueira cv. Tommy Atkins sadia e de outros cinco isolados de F. subglutinans de mangueira sintomática, foram submetidos à amplificação com os pares de oligonucleotídeos. Fragmentos amplificados foram visualizados somente para F. subglutinans de mangueira, demonstrando assim a especificidade dos oligonucleotídeos SCAR desenhados. Termos de Indexação: oligonucleotídeos iniciadores, Mangifera indica, marcadores moleculares, RAPD-PCR. USE OF MOLECULAR MARKER SCAR IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF Fusarium subglutinans,CAUSAL AGENT OF MANGO MALFORMATIONABSTRACT-The Fusarium genus is responsible for serious diseases in many economically important crops. Among these diseases it is distinguished the mango flower malformation, caused by the fungus Fusarium subglutinans. The objective of this work was to develop specific oligonucleotide primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the mango flower malformation by fungus F. subglutinans. The DNA amplification of eight Fusarium spp. collected from different hosts making the use of a random oligonucleotide primer UBC-41 generated a fragment of approximately 1300 pb in size, specifically for the mango flower malformation fungus (Fusarium subglutinans). Since standard RAPD banding patterns are not considered reliable because of their low results of reproducibility, the distinctive fragment was eluted off the agarose gel, purified, cloned and then sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were used to identify and also to synthesize four pairs of specific oligonucleotide named herein Fs 5, Fs 13, Fs 14 and Fs 15. Other Fusarium spp. DNAs sampled from other hosts (garlic, peanut, sugarcane, cyclamen, pea, melon and wheat), from a healthy mango tree cv. Tommy Atkins and other six isolates from symptomatic mango plants were submitted to PCR amplification with these pairs of oligonucleotide. Only fragments from the mango tree fungus Fusarium subglutinans were visualized, showing this way the SCAR oligonucleotid...

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Characterization of Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini causing root disease of Pinus patula seedlings in South Africa

Cited by 83 publications

References 12 publications

The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

The pitch canker fungus,Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Assessment of Pathogenic Variation against Pitch Canker Pathogen, Fusarium circinatum in Pinus thunbergii and Responses of Natural Selection Pinus × rigitaeda to Branch Inoculation in a Seed Orchard

Utilização de marcador molecular SCAR na identificação de Fusarium subglutinans, agente causal da malformação da mangueira

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