Characterization of fruits of varieties of mango (Mangifera indica) conserved in Peru

Abstract

The department of Piura is the main mango producer in Peru accounting for 66.7% of the national crop. The objective of the study was to characterize the fruits of forty varieties of mango preserved since 1969 in northwestern Peru. The fruits were harvested at the El Chira Agrarian Experimental Station, Department of Piura from December 2019 to January 2020. Thirteen quantitative fruit variables were evaluated: width, thickness, length, weight, seed width, seed thickness, seed length, percentage of seed, percentage of fresh skin, percentage of pulp, texture, °Brix, and pulp / seed ratios. The varieties with the highest percentage of pulp were Tommy Atkins, Haden x carabao 1, Irwin, and Jaffra, the latter was also the variety with the highest pulp / seed ratio (17.0). The varieties with the highest ° Brix were Blacman (21.3 ° Brix) and Julie (22.0 ° Brix). Knowledge of the fruit characteristics is essential for proper selection and use by the industry, especially those with a higher pulp weight to obtaining higher yields in processing.

Morphological, Physical and Biochemical Characteristics of the three Main Varieties of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivated in the Poro Region (North of Côte d'Ivoire)

“…However, these varieties from Mozambique had a stone thickness, 0.40 cm [36], significantly less. For the variety Kent cultivated in northwestern Peru, [37] reported stone length and thickness, respectively 8.05 cm and 2.05 cm, quite close to those obtained in this study; but these authors recorded a stone width, 3.65 cm, significantly less. According to [38], stone (endocarp) is generally flattened at the edges, more or less swollen in the middle, longer than wide.…”

“…In their study on varieties also cultivated in the north of Côte d'Ivoire, [23] reported higher fruit masses of Amelie and Kent, respectively 499.69 and 580.87 g, compared to our results; while fruit mass of Keitt was quite close to that recorded by these authors, which was 353.23 g. In previous work, several authors reported higher fruit masses compared to our results for Amelie, Kent and/or Keitt from Burkina Faso [41], Nigeria [42], Cameroon [34], Mozambique [36], Egypt [43] and Peru [37]. Nevertheless, the three varieties studied can all be exported to the European market because their fruit masses correspond to the caliber group B established by the mango standard [44].…”

“…Pulp, peel and stone proportions of the three varieties were not significantly different. Pulp proportions were higher than those, between 72.93 and 82.34%, reported for Amelie, Kent and/or Keitt from Burkina Faso [41], Nigeria [42], Cameroon [34], Sudan [46] and Peru [37]. However, they were lower than the results (between 92.00 and 92.50%) recorded for Kent and Keitt from Egypt [43].…”

“…However, they were lower than the results (between 92.00 and 92.50%) recorded for Kent and Keitt from Egypt [43]. Peel proportions of Amelie, Kent and Keitt were comparable to those obtained for the same varieties from Burkina Faso [41], and for Kent from Peru [37]. However, they were superior to peel proportions of the same varieties also from Côte d'Ivoire, which were respectively 4.43, 3.86 and 6.16% [23].…”

“…In addition, they were lower than that (16.25%) of Kent from Nigeria [42]. Stone proportions were lower than those, between 7.00 and 10.81%, reported for Amelie, Kent and/or Keitt from Burkina Faso [41], Nigeria [42], Egypt [43] and Peru [37]. Pulp is the mango edible part.…”