Characterization of Fruit Genetic Resources in Switzerland

Szalatnay, D.; Eder-Bauermeister, R.; Duffy, B.; Kellerhals, M.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2009.814.17

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…For the latter, the mutation rate is significantly higher, with 3.2–9.6 × 10 –4 per base/year, which means that a polymorphism/mutation occurs every 1000 years. However, the earliest variety Franquette was bred only in 1786, 200 years ago . The time for evolutionary changes to occur was probably too short.…”

Section: How Can the Genetic Information On Chloroplasts Be Deciphered?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Profiling: The Strengths and Limitations of Chloroplast Genome-Based Plant Variety Authentication

Teske

Peters

Möllers

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Genomic profiling is a suitable tool for variety authentication and has applications in both operational quality and regulatory raw material control. It can be used to differentiate species or varieties and to identify admixtures as well as field contaminants. To establish a molecular profile, reliable and very accurate sequence data are required. As a result of the influence of the pollinator plant, nuclear genome-based authentication is in most cases not suitable for a direct application on the fruit. Sequences must be used that come exclusively from the localized mother plant. Parts of the fruit of maternal origin, e.g., components derived from the blossom, are suitable as a basis for this. Alternatively, DNA from cell organelles that are maternally inherited, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts, can be used. The latter will be discussed in this review in closer detail. Although individual gene segments on the chloroplast genome are already used for species differentiation in barcoding studies on plants, little is known about the usefulness of the entire chloroplast genome for intraspecies differentiation in general and for differentiation between modern varieties in particular. Results from the literature as well as from our own work suggest that chloroplast genome sequences are indeed very well-suited for the differentiation of old varieties. On the other hand, they are less or not suitable for the genetic differentiation of modern cultivars, because they are often too closely related.

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Section: How Can the Genetic Information On Chloroplasts Be Deciphered?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Profiling: The Strengths and Limitations of Chloroplast Genome-Based Plant Variety Authentication

Teske

Peters

Möllers

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The area of the differences of original mask and mirrored mask was divided by the double area of the original mask yielding 0 for perfect symmetric shapes and 1 as maximum for this indicator for very unsymmetric fruit shapes. The radius of the contours was compared to the shapes provided in pomological description manuals [7], assigning fruit shape to one of the 13 available categories based on the highest correlation. Top view contours coordinates were transformed into polar coordinates with origin in the center of mass of the apple area.…”

Section: Image Acquisition and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit appearance, de ned as fruit shape, coloration and size, is cultivar-speci c [2] and an important trait when selecting novel cultivars in breeding programs [3,4]. It is also an important trait for the description of older cultivars or landraces [5][6][7]. Fruit appearance is assessed using pomological descriptors, requiring the visual assessment of single fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FruitPhenoBox – a device for rapid and automated fruit phenotyping of small sample sizes

Kirchgeßner

Hodel

Studer

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Fruit appearance of apples is cultivar-specific and one of the main criteria for consumer choice. Consequently, appearance is an important selection criterion in the breeding of new cultivars. It is also used for the description of older varieties or landraces. In commercial apple production, sorting devices are used to classify a high number of fruits from a few cultivars. In contrast, the description of fruits from germplasm collections or for breeding is based on a few fruits from many cultivars and is mostly performed visually by pomology experts. Therefore, such visual ratings are laborious, often difficult to compare and remain subjective. Results: Here we report on a morphometric device, called the FruitPhenoBox, for automated fruit weighting and appearance description using computer-based analysis of five images per fruit. The recording of approximately 100 fruits each from 15 apple cultivars using the FruitPhenoBox was achieved rapidly, with an average handling and recording time below eleven seconds per fruit. The comparison of the fruits from the 15 apple cultivars identified significant differences in shape index, fruit width, height and weight. Fruit shape was characteristic for each cultivar, while fruit coloration showed larger variation within sample sets. Assessing a subset of 20 randomly selected fruits per cultivar, fruit height and width were described with a relative margin of error of 2.6% and 2.1% and 6.2%, respectively, calculated from the mean value of all available fruits. Conclusions: The FruitPhenoBox allows for the rapid and consistent description of fruits of a single apple genotype. By relating the relative margin of error for fruit width, height and weight description with different sample sizes, it was possible to determine an appropriate fruit sample size to efficiently and accurately describe the recorded traits. Therefore, the FruitPhenoBox is a useful tool for breeding and the description of apple germplasm collections.

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“…Scab-resistant apple cultivars (e.g. Enterprise, Florina, Liberty, Nova Easygro, Rewena) and old local varieties demonstrated resistance to fire blight after artificial inoculations under glasshouse or field conditions (Aldwinckle et al 1999;Kása et al 2004;Le Lézec et al 1997;Richter and Fischer 2002;Szalatnay et al 2009). The wild species M. sieversii, considered to be the progenitor of the domestic apple, was also found to hold promise as source of resistance to fire blight following artificial inoculations or field observations (Baumgartner et al 2011;Fazio et al 2009;Forsline and Aldwinckle 2004;Forsline et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a transgenic early flowering approach in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to introgress fire blight resistance from cultivar Evereste

et al. 2011

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The long juvenile phase of Malus spp. has always been a major drawback for the rapid introgression of agronomically relevant traits (e.g. disease resistances) from wild apples into domestic apple cultivars (M. 9 domestica Borkh.). Several agrotechnical approaches have been investigated but none was able to reduce the juvenile phase to less than 18 months. Recently, an early flowering transgenic line named T1190 was obtained by over-expressing the BpMADS4 gene from silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in the apple cultivar Pinova. In this study, we report on the acceleration of the first two introgression cycles (F1 and BC 0 1) of the highly efficacious fire blight resistance locus Fb_E from the ornamental apple cultivar Evereste, using the BpMADS4-transgenic line T1190. A background selection based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers regularly distributed over the apple genome was applied to the 24 BC 0 1 seedlings carrying the BpMADS4 transgene and the Fb_E locus. Two early flowering BC 0 1 seedlings estimated to carry less than 15% of the genome of Evereste were identified. They are currently (July 2011) being used in reciprocal crosses with the apple cultivar Royal Gala to continue the introgression of the Fb_E locus. Additionally, the strong phenotypic effect of the Fb_E locus from Evereste was confirmed by artificially inoculating a T1190 9 Evereste F1 progeny with the causal agent of fire blight, Erwinia amylovora. Possible ways of enhancing the fast introgression of disease resistance genes in domestic apple using the transgenic line T1190 are discussed.

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Characterization of Fruit Genetic Resources in Switzerland

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Genomic Profiling: The Strengths and Limitations of Chloroplast Genome-Based Plant Variety Authentication

Genomic Profiling: The Strengths and Limitations of Chloroplast Genome-Based Plant Variety Authentication

FruitPhenoBox – a device for rapid and automated fruit phenotyping of small sample sizes

Use of a transgenic early flowering approach in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to introgress fire blight resistance from cultivar Evereste

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