Characterization of four different lignins as a first step toward the identification of suitable end‐use applications

Oveissi, Farshad; Fatehi, Pedram

doi:10.1002/app.42336

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…[20,125] One study employed lignosulfonates to flocculate sulfur slurry used in copper heap leaching at ad osageo f0 .2 wt %a nd improved its density from 40 to 67 %. Effective flocculants require good adsorption onto particles throughb oth surface chargea nd molecular weight.…”

Section: Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

2017

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Lignin is the largest reservoir of aromatic compounds on earth and has great potential to be used in many industrial applications. Alternative methods to produce lignosulfonates from spent sulfite pulping liquors and kraft lignin from black liquor of kraft pulping process are critically reviewed herein. Furthermore, options to increase the sulfonate contents of lignin-based products are outlined and the industrial attractiveness of them is evaluated. This evaluation includes sulfonation and sulfomethylation of lignin. To increase the sulfomethylation efficiency of lignin, various scenarios, including hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydroxymethylation, were compared. The application of sulfonated lignin-based products is assessed and the impact of the properties of these products on the characteristics of their end-use application is critically evaluated. Sulfonated lignin-based products have been used as dispersants in cement admixtures and dye solutions more than other applications, and their molecular weight and degree of sulfonation were crucial in determining their efficiency. The use of lignin-based sulfonated products in composites may result in an increase in the hydrophilicity of some composites, but the sulfonated products may need to be desulfonated with an alkali and/or oxygen prior to their use in composites. To be used as a flocculant, sulfonated lignin-based products may need to be cross-linked to increase their molecular weight. The challenges associated with the use of lignin-based products in these applications are comprehensively discussed herein.

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Section: Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

2017

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“…1600, [80] 1603, [82] [1653-1660], [87] 1603 [91] C=Os tretching 51 508 1520, [80] 1514, [82] 1515, [92] [1400-1600] [86] Aromatic skeletal vibrations 61 454…”

Section: Rangea Nalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1240, [80] 1269, [82] 1268 [88] CÀOs tretch of guaiacyl ring 10 1140 1140, [95] 1160 [88] CÀHs tretch of guaiacyl ring 11 1089 1110, [96] [1032-1034], [86,97,98] [1115-1128] [88] CÀHi n-plane deformation in guaiacyl ring and syringyl ring 12 1042 1050, [80] 1044, [89,95] 1100, [81] [1000-1200] [90,99] CÀOs tretching of CÀOÀC 13 860 895, [80,100,101] 903, [95] 960 [81] b-glycosidic linkages between the sugars units 14 860…”

Section: Rangea Nalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[620-635] [86] SÀOs tretching ChemSusChem 2018ChemSusChem , 11,2967ChemSusChem -2980 www.chemsuschem.org 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim two supplementary experiments, LS 1 and LS 2 ,w ere performed, and the CD and M w valuesw erem easured anda re reported in Ta ble 3. The first supplementary experiment,L S 1 ,l ed to the highest value of CD = À3.75 meq g À1 ,a nd the second one, LS 2 , led to the best results for M w (47 892 gmol À1 ), which were in accordance with our range analysis.…”

Section: Rangea Nalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyethylated Lignosulfonate

Bahrpaima

Fatehi

2018

ChemSusChem

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Lignosulfonate is a byproduct of the sulfite pulping process and has limited use in industry. The main objective of this study was to investigate the carboxyethylation of lignosulfonate to increase its charge density to broaden its applications. The carboxyethylation of lignosulfonate was optimized under the conditions of 30 wt % NaOH, 2.0 mol mol 2-chloropropinic acid/lignosulfonate, 90 °C, 0.5 h, and 0.03 mol 2-chloropropinic acid, which produced carboxyethylated lignosulfonate with a charge density and molecular weight of -3.51 meq g and 46 493 g mol , respectively. The mechanism of the carboxyethylation reaction using 2-chloropropinic acid by an S 1 pathway in an alkaline solution was discussed. Methylation was also used to mask the phenolic hydroxide groups of lignosulfonate to investigate if carboxyethylation occurred on aliphatic hydroxide groups of lignosulfonate. The produced carboxyethylated lignosulfonate was characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and elemental and functional group analyses. Basic H- H 2 D COSY NMR spectroscopy was used to record the coupled spins of the carboxyethyl group on carboxyethylated lignosulfonate. The information from 1 D H NMR and 2 D NMR COSY spectroscopy provided evidence for the existence of a 1-carboxyethyl group on the carboxyethylated lignosulfonate structure.

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“…Simona et al also reported the antithrombotic properties of sulfated arabino‐ and glucuronoxylans. Due to its anionic charge density, sulfated products can be used as effective flocculants for wastewater systems . In this regard, the sulfate group provides the anionic charges required for flocculating the particles in suspensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and application of sulfated xylan as a flocculant for dye solution

Kong

et al. 2018

Biotechnology Progress

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The main purpose of this study is to explore the sulfation of xylan to produce an anionic flocculant, sulfated xylan, for removing ethyl violet dye from simulated dye solutions. In this work, xylan was sulfated with chlorosulfonic acid in N, N-dimethylformamide solvent and the reaction conditions were optimized using a response surface methodology. It was observed that the maximum degree of substitution of 1.1 was obtained for sulfated xylan under the conditions of 3.71 chlorosulfonic acid/xylan molar ratio, 70°C and 7 h reaction time. The resulting sulfated xylan had a charge density of -3.12 mmol/g and molecular weight (M ) of 22,300 g/mol. Furthermore, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR) confirmed the sulfation of xylan. The application of sulfated xylan as a flocculant for decolorizing the simulated ethyl violet dye wastewater was studied. The results indicated that 97% of dye was removed from 50 mg/L dye solution at the sulfated concentration of 175 mg/L and pH 9, but unmodified xylan was ineffective in flocculating and removing dye segments. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:529-536, 2018.

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Characterization of four different lignins as a first step toward the identification of suitable end‐use applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 65 publications

Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyethylated Lignosulfonate

Preparation and application of sulfated xylan as a flocculant for dye solution

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