Characterization of Flame Cut Heavy Steel: Modeling of Temperature History and Residual Stress Formation

Jokiaho, Tuomas; Laitinen, Ari; Santa-aho, Suvi; Isakov, Matti; Peura, Pasi; Saarinen, Tuomo; Lehtovaara, Arto; Vippola, Minnamari

doi:10.1007/s11663-017-1090-x

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It was also noted that a slower cutting speed and flame cutting with preheating produce a lower residual stress state in the cut edge. Similar results were obtained in other studies [13,14] by the author; the residual stress formation during flame cutting can be affected by the size of the sample and cutting parameters. In addition, preheating not only decreases the residual stresses in general but also increases the compressive stress region close to the surface by shifting the tensile stress region deeper into the subsurface.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The residual stress measurements of flame cut surfaces show that the residual compressive stress decreases in the surface region (< 1 mm) as the plate thickness increases. As a previous study [13] has shown, a region of compressive stress is formed due to martensite transformation and the accompanying volume expansion occurring close to the cut edge. In addition, it has been shown [13] that rapid and significant changes of temperature should be avoided during flame cutting as they create high thermal stresses in the cut edge of the plate before martensite transformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…As a previous study [13] has shown, a region of compressive stress is formed due to martensite transformation and the accompanying volume expansion occurring close to the cut edge. In addition, it has been shown [13] that rapid and significant changes of temperature should be avoided during flame cutting as they create high thermal stresses in the cut edge of the plate before martensite transformation. One reason why thinner plates produce more compressive stress close to the cut surface than thick plates might be that the heating flame heats the cutting edge of the thin plates more than that of thicker ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…[16] The residual measuring method is described in more detail in previous studies. [9,13,14] The examination locations and directions of the residual stress measurements are described in Figure 1. As shown in the figure, measurements were performed at the centerline of the samples (where the cracks are mostly formed during flame cutting) in two perpendicular measurement directions: the rolling direction (0 deg) and the thickness direction (90 deg).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first study [14] confirmed that the residual state of the flame cut edge can be affected by variating the cutting parameters. In another study, [13] a model was developed to investigate the flame cut process and residual stress formation. It was used for example to investigate the thermal histories and residual stress formation of the modeled sample during flame cutting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Role of Steel Plate Thickness on the Residual Stress Formation and Cracking Behavior During Flame Cutting

Jokiaho

Santa-aho

Peura

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Trans A

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Thick wear-resistant steel plates are utilized in challenging applications, which require a high hardness and toughness. However, utilization of the thick plates is problematic as they often have nonuniform mechanical properties along the thickness direction due to the manufacturing-induced segregations. In addition, the processing of thick plates commonly involves flame cutting, which causes several challenges. Flame cutting forms a heat-affected zone and generates high residual stresses during the cutting process. In the worst case, flame cutting causes cracking of the cut edge. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of plate thickness on the residual stress formation and cracking behavior when utilizing flame cutting. Residual stress profiles are measured by X-ray diffraction, plates and cut edges and are mechanically tested and characterized by electron microscopy. The results show that thicker plates generate more unfavorable residual stress state during flame cutting. Thick plates also contain segregations, which have decreased mechanical properties. The combination of high residual tensile stresses and segregations increase the risk of cracking during flame cutting. To prevent the cracking, the residual stresses should be lowered by lower cutting speeds and preheating. In addition, manufacturing practices should be aimed at lowering segregation formation in thick plates.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Role of Steel Plate Thickness on the Residual Stress Formation and Cracking Behavior During Flame Cutting

Jokiaho

Santa-aho

Peura

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Trans A

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DTA study and thermodynamic prediction of the solidification interval of boron 500HB abrasion-resistant steel

Klančnik

Foder

Jan³

et al. 2021

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Cracking and Failure Characteristics of Flame Cut Thick Steel Plates

Jokiaho

Santa-aho

Peura

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans A

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The manufacturing of thick wear-resistant steel plates commonly leads to a layered structure and non-uniform properties in the thickness direction which makes the processing and utilization of the plates problematic. The processing steps of thick plates include flame cutting, which generates a heat-affected zone and high residual stresses into the cut edge. In the worst case, the cutting causes cracking. However, the residual stress level alone is not high enough to break a wear-resistant steel plate that behaves normally. Therefore, high-tensile stress also requires a microstructurally weak factor for crack initiation. For this reason, the main objective of this study is to reveal the main microstructural reasons behind the cracking of plates in flame cutting. To achieve this, plate samples containing cracks are mechanically tested and analyzed by electron microscopy. The results show that cracks are commonly formed horizontally into the tempered region of the heat-affected zone. Cracks initiate in the segregations, which typically have a higher amount of impurity and alloying elements. Increased impurity and alloying content in the segregations decreases the cohesion of the prior austenite grain boundaries. These weakened grain boundaries combined with high-residual tensile stress generate the cracks in the flame-cutting process.

show abstract

Characterization of Flame Cut Heavy Steel: Modeling of Temperature History and Residual Stress Formation

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Role of Steel Plate Thickness on the Residual Stress Formation and Cracking Behavior During Flame Cutting

Role of Steel Plate Thickness on the Residual Stress Formation and Cracking Behavior During Flame Cutting

DTA study and thermodynamic prediction of the solidification interval of boron 500HB abrasion-resistant steel

Cracking and Failure Characteristics of Flame Cut Thick Steel Plates

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