Characterization of Ferrite-Austenite Boundary Region of Duplex Stainless Steels by SAES

Femenia, Marc; Pan, Jinshan; Leygraf, Christofer

doi:10.1149/1.1796447

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To clarify the detailed composition gradient across the boundary regions, further studies are necessary, using high-resolution analytical techniques such as TEM 34 and microscopic Auger electron spectroscopy. 35 In this study, the SKPFM measurements of different IMPs revealed that the Volta potential may also vary with the IMPs size. A high-resolution scan was performed for the nanometer-sized IMPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

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The Role of Intermetallic Particles in Localized Corrosion of an Aluminum Alloy Studied by SKPFM and Integrated AFM/SECM

Davoodi

Pan

Leygraf

et al. 2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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118

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Aluminum alloy EN AW-3003 contains a certain amount of micrometer-sized constituent particles and a large number of nanometer-sized dispersoids. The practical nobility of intermetallic particles relative to an alloy matrix was evaluated ex situ by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy ͑SKPFM͒, and localized corrosion initiation of the alloy exposed to chloride solutions was studied in situ by integrated atomic force microscopy ͑AFM͒ and scanning electrochemical microscopy ͑SECM͒. The SKPFM results show a higher Volta potential for the constituent particles than the matrix, and a larger difference for larger particles. In some cases, the boundary region between the large constituents and the matrix exhibits a minimum Volta potential. In contrast, a small Volta potential difference was measured for the particles less than 1 m. The SECM mapping of the alloy surface in the solution provided evidence of a cathodic action of some constituent particles and a local anodic dissolution adjacent to them. Concurrent AFM and SECM images indicate that only some of the constituents are prone to initiate localized corrosion. Moreover, in situ AFM observations confirm enhanced localized dissolution in the boundary regions, verifying the cathodic character of the constituent particles and a microgalvanic effect on localized corrosion. The fine dispersoids of nanometer size seem to have no effect on the corrosion initiation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Intermetallic Particles in Localized Corrosion of an Aluminum Alloy Studied by SKPFM and Integrated AFM/SECM

Davoodi

Pan

Leygraf

et al. 2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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118

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“…This indicates existence of a driving force for galvanic interaction between both phases, with expected onset of electrochemical activity at interphase boundaries and dissolution towards the ferrite. Differences in ΔΨ generally indicate a driving force for galvanic interaction, whereas local potential hot-spots or regions with steep potential changes (gradients) indicate susceptible sites for localised corrosion [31]. Selective corrosion attack in duplex stainless steel has frequently been observed on ferrite to occur in mild chloride-bearing environments, with nucleation at or in the vicinity of ferrite-austenite interphase boundaries, whilst austenite showed less corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SKPFM measured Volta potential correlated with strain localisation in microstructure to understand corrosion susceptibility of cold-rolled grade 2205 duplex stainless steel

2015

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Highlights: Microstructure information from EBSD analysis has been correlated with SKPFM maps  SKPFM assessment in 38% and 88% relative humidity was carried out  Ferrite and austenite have a Volta potential difference of 70-90 mV  Cold deformation reduced Volta potential differences between ferrite and austenite  Cold deformation produced higher susceptibility at confined microstructure regions AbstractScanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) of annealed and cold-rolled grade 2205 duplex stainless steel has been correlated with microstructure analysis using Electron BackScattered Diffraction (EBSD). In annealed microstructure Volta potential differences indicated micro-galvanic coupling between ferrite and austenite reasoning selective dissolution of ferrite. The introduction of cold work reduced the difference between both phases, but the development of local extremes in Volta potential was observed. Microstructure analysis revealed the presence of larger misorientation concentrations at these sites, which can explain the changes in observed corrosion behaviour, from selective dissolution in the annealed condition to localised corrosion attack after cold-rolling.

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“…After exposures to ALF and citric acid in which manganese was released to a large extent, no manganese was detected in the outermost surface oxide. Instead, metallic nickel was detected by means of XPS, indicative of its presence beneath a thin surface oxide (Femenia et al 2004;Marcus and Oudar 1995). Oxidized chromium was strongly enriched in the outermost surface oxide after exposure to these solutions with 50-60 wt% Cr/(Fe?Cr?Ni?Mn) for both particle size fractions in both ALF and citric acid, compared with 17-19 wt% in the bulk.…”

Section: Complexation-induced Reductive Metal Release and Concordant mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexation- and ligand-induced metal release from 316L particles: importance of particle size and crystallographic structure

Hedberg

Liu

et al. 2011

Biometals

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Iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese released from gas-atomized AISI 316L stainless steel powders (sized <45 and <4 μm) were investigated in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH 4.5) and in solutions of its individual inorganic and organic components to determine its most aggressive component, elucidate synergistic effects, and assess release mechanisms, in dependence of surface changes using atomic absorption spectroscopy, Raman, XPS, and voltammetry. Complexation is the main reason for metal release from 316L particles immersed in ALF. Iron was mainly released, while manganese was preferentially released as a consequence of the reduction of manganese oxide on the surface. These processes resulted in highly complexing media in a partial oxidation of trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium on the surface. The extent of metal release was partially controlled by surface properties (e.g., availability of elements on the surface and structure of the outermost surface) and partially by the complexation capacity of the different metals with the complexing agents of the different media. In general, compared to the coarse powder (<45 μm), the fine (<4 μm) powder displayed significantly higher released amounts of metals per surface area, increased with increased solution complexation capacity, while less amounts of metals were released into non-complexing solutions. Due to the ferritic structure of lower solubility for nickel of the fine powder, more nickel was released into all solutions compared with the coarser powder.

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Characterization of Ferrite-Austenite Boundary Region of Duplex Stainless Steels by SAES

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

The Role of Intermetallic Particles in Localized Corrosion of an Aluminum Alloy Studied by SKPFM and Integrated AFM/SECM

The Role of Intermetallic Particles in Localized Corrosion of an Aluminum Alloy Studied by SKPFM and Integrated AFM/SECM

SKPFM measured Volta potential correlated with strain localisation in microstructure to understand corrosion susceptibility of cold-rolled grade 2205 duplex stainless steel

Complexation- and ligand-induced metal release from 316L particles: importance of particle size and crystallographic structure

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