Characterization of exposure to molds and actinomycetes in agricultural dusts by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and the culture method.

Karlsson, K.; Malmberg, Per

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1847

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy has been applied both to look at the autofluorescence of PBAP (Po¨hlker et al, 2011), and especially with the use of fluorescent dye labelling (Karlsson and Malmberg, 1989;Hernandez et al, 1999). The most common traditional method for determining the total count of environmental microorganism is direct fluorescence microscopy, either by taking advantage of the autofluorescence of certain biological compounds or by using samples that have been treated with a fluorescent dye, most commonly 4.6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) or acridine orange (Francisco et al, 1973;Hobbie et al, 1977;Kepner and Pratt, 1994;Matthias-Maser and Jaenicke, 1995;Harrison et al, 2005).…”

Section: Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infrared vibrational spectroscopy has also been widely used for pollen identification (Pappas et al, 2003;Gottardini et al, 2007;Dell'Anna et al, 2009;Zimmermann, 2010). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been particularly useful at the investigation of PBAP, allowing a close look at the morphology and surface of particles (Karlsson and Malmberg, 1989;Wittmaack et al, 2005;Coz et al, 2010;Po¨schl et al, 2010;Gilardoni et al, 2011).…”

Section: Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) And Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,170

1,114

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origin are a very diverse group of biological materials and structures, including microorganisms, dispersal units, fragments and excretions of biological organisms. In recent years, the impact of biological aerosol particles on atmospheric processes has been studied with increasing intensity, and a wealth of new information and insights has been gained. This review outlines the current knowledge on major categories of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP): bacteria and archaea, fungal spores and fragments, pollen, viruses, algae and cyanobacteria, biological crusts and lichens and others like plant or animal fragments and detritus. We give an overview of sampling methods and physical, chemical and biological techniques for PBAP analysis (cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, optical and mass spectrometry, etc.). Moreover, we address and summarise the current understanding and open questions concerning the influence of PBAP on the atmosphere and climate, i.e. their optical properties and their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We suggest that the following research activities should be pursued in future studies of atmospheric biological aerosol particles: (1) develop efficient and reliable analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of PBAP; (2) apply advanced and standardised techniques to determine the abundance and diversity of PBAP and their seasonal variation at regional and global scales (atmospheric biogeography); (3) determine the emission rates, optical properties, IN and CCN activity of PBAP in field measurements and laboratory experiments; (4) use field and laboratory data to constrain numerical models of atmospheric transport, transformation and climate effects of PBAP.

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Section: Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) And Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,170

1,114

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“…However, the culturability obtained in our measurements was greater than the culturable bioaerosol levels reported by some other investigators. For instance, Karlsson and Malmberg (1989) found culturability of approximately 17% including bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi together in an agricultural environment. Eduard et al (1990) reported that the culturability of fungi in a sawmill and a pig confinement ranged from 3% to 98%.…”

Section: Culturabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturability and concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi in six single-family homes

Lee

Grinshpun

Martuzevičius

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

135

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In this study, the culturability of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi was determined through longterm sampling (24-h) using a Button Personal Inhalable Aerosol Sampler. The air samples were collected during three seasons in six Cincinnati area homes that were free from moisture damage or visible mold. Cultivation and total microscopic enumeration methods were employed for the sample analysis. The geometric means of indoor and outdoor culturable fungal concentrations were 88 and 102 colony-forming units (CFU) m -3 , respectively, with a geometric mean of the I/O ratio equal to 0.66. Overall, 26 genera of culturable fungi were recovered from the indoor and outdoor samples. For total fungal spores, the indoor and outdoor geometric means were 211 and 605 spores m -3 , respectively, with a geometric mean of I/O ratio equal to 0.32. The identification revealed 37 fungal genera from indoor and outdoor samples based on the total spore analysis. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of culturable and total fungal spores showed significant correlations (r = 0.655, p<0.0001 and r = 0.633, p<0.0001, respectively). The indoor and outdoor median viabilities of fungi were 55% and 25%, respectively, which indicates that indoor environment provides more favorable survival conditions for the aerosolized fungi. Among the seasons, the highest indoor and outdoor culturability of fungi was observed in the fall. Cladosporium had a highest median value of culturability (38% and 33% for indoor and outdoor, respectively) followed by Aspergillus/ Penicillium (9% and 2%) among predominant genera of fungi. Increased culturability of fungi inside the homes may have important implications because of the potential increase in the release of allergens from viable spores and pathogenicity of viable fungi on immunocompromised individuals.

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“…In farm buildings, viable spore concentrations have been reported to vary between lo2 and 10'' colony-forming units (cFu) . m-3 depending on the type of farming (dairy, pig, or poultry farming) and phases of work (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In the studies, the species Aspergillus (eg, A glaucus group and A fumigntus), Penicilliunz, Clndosporium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Alternaria, Absidia, Botrytis, and Scopulnriopsis and yeasts have been observed to be the most common airborne fungi.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal spores originate from different sources in the agricultural environment. Laboratory and experimental studies have indicated that the same fungal species that are identified in hay, grain, straw, silage, wood shavings, and sawdust are also detected in the air samples collected during the handling of the same materials (6,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of microfungi in Finnish cow barns and some aspects of the occurrence of Wallemia sebi and Fusaria

Hanhela¹,

Louhelainen²,

Al³

1995

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Hanhela R, Louhelainen K, Pasanen A-L. Prevalence of microfungi in Finnish cow barns and some aspects of the occurrence of Wallemia sebi and Fusaria. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995;21:223--8. Objectives The occurrence of microfungi in the air and in feeding and bedding materials was studied on 32 Finnish dairy farms. Methods Air samples for determining viable and total spore concentrations were collected on membrane filters and with a cascade impactor. Genera of mesophilic, xerophilic, and thermophilic fungi were identified in four culture media. Total spore counts were done with the aid of an epifluorescence microscope. To identify fungal flora in agricultural materials, feeding and bedding material samples were also taken from the farms. Results The airborne spore concentrations varied for viable mesophilic, xerophilic, and ther mophilic fungi from 10' to lo7 colony-forming units per cubic meter, and for total spores from lo5 to lo7 spores per cubic meter. Asl~ergillus, Perzicilliur?z, Cladosporiunz, Absidia species, Wclllenzin sebi and yeasts were the predominant fungi in the air, as well as in the material samples. C O~C~U S~O~S In general, the airborne spore concentrations were high although the variation in the concentrations of different fungal groups was large between the farms. Along with using new growth media, two fungi whose prevalence was earlier poorly known in Finland were detected. W sebi proved to be the most abundant xerophilic fungi in the air and hay samples, while Fusariunz spp were very common in grain and straw but rare in air.

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Characterization of exposure to molds and actinomycetes in agricultural dusts by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and the culture method.

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Culturability and concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi in six single-family homes

Prevalence of microfungi in Finnish cow barns and some aspects of the occurrence of Wallemia sebi and Fusaria

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