Characterization of exogenic fulgurites from an archaeological site in Tiedra, Valladolid, Spain

Martín-Ramos, Pablo; Gil, Francisco; Martín-Gil, F.J.; Martín‐Gil, Jesús

doi:10.1017/s0016756819000438

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…York and Vernal samples are associated with type II fulgurites, the parent material being a mica-schist derived soil and a loess, respectively (Pasek et al 2012); Tiedra specimens are related to an archaeological site (Martín-Ramos et al 2019). The Greensboro fulgurite is a type II specimen originated from a red-brown clayey soil (formed from the weathering of a diabase) (Carter et al 2010a).…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence and Edx Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-energy events, such as impact cratering (Chao 1967;Golubev et al 2020;Koeberl and Ferrière 2019;Maierhofer et al 2019), nuclear detonations (Eby et al 2010;Roberts et al 2019;Wannier et al 2019), air bursts (Osinski et al 2008;Silvia 2017;Wasson 2003) (Fig 1), or lightning strikes (Block 2011;Feng et al 2019;Martín-Ramos et al 2019;Roberts et al 2019;Sheffer 2007;Stefano et al 2020) produce materials that are geochemically and morphologically comparable. These materials include, for instance, aerodynamically-shaped teardrops, beads and dumbbell glasses; high-temperature rapidly quenched microspherules and vesicular siliceous scoria-like objects; corundum, mullite, magnesioferrite, suessite (Fe3Si) or naquite (FeSi); and melted SiO2 glass, or lechatelierite, which cannot be produced volcanically (Bunch et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physico-chemical study of an exogenic fulgurite from a thunderstorm on 10th August 2013 in Dallas, TX

et al. 2021

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Droplet-like exogenic fulgurites comprise a minor grouplet of natural glasses resulting from powerful lightning strikes. Reports on such type-V fulgurites are scarce in the literature. In this work, a fulgurite specimen from the thunderstorm that took place on 10 th August 2013, in Dallas, TX, USA, has been analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques. X-ray diffraction revealed the amorphous nature of the exofulgurite, and X-ray fluorescence showed a high Si, Al and Ca content. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy were key in revealing clear SiO modes related signatures and a very significant presence of water (OH/H2O).A parallel with glassy silicate materials, but also with opal-A, was essential in the understanding of the fulgurite's characteristics. In particular, Raman data evidenced the exofulgurite to have a high degree of depolymerization.

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Section: X-ray Fluorescence and Edx Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical study of an exogenic fulgurite from a thunderstorm on 10th August 2013 in Dallas, TX

et al. 2021

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“…Natural fulgurites were rst described (in sandy sediments) by Herman in 1706 1 , and the oldest fulgurite found to date has been speculated, on the basis of the fossiliferous Carboniferous rocks overlying the host, to be of Permian age 2 . The fulgurites present on Earth form by cloud-to-ground lightning strikes (by either thunderstorms or volcanic eruptions) or as a result of accidents involving electric transmission lines 3,4,5 . Natural fulgurites have been explored in terms of their morphological and chemical states 6,7,8,9 , including the description of high-temperature mineralization 10 , reconstruction of paleoecology 11 , and evaluation of the availability of chemical sources for pre-biotic chemistry 12,13,14 Experimentally generated fulgurites have also been brie y described in some preliminary feasibility studies 15,16,17,18,19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental generation of fulgurite under realistic lightning discharge conditions

Çalışkanoğlu

Camara

Cimarelli

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fulgurites have been documented in geological deposits from throughout Earth's history. They have also been assigned a potential role in prebiotic chemistry as a source of reactants. Fulgurites are generated in nature by cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. The unpredictability in space and time of the occurrence of lightning events has limited the investigation of both the mechanisms by, and the conditions under, which fulgurites form. A laboratory-based approach can ameliorate this. Here, we describe experimentally generated fulgurites generated from Laacher See volcanic ash. We employ a DC source with a trigger-pulse setup in a high voltage laboratory, whose capabilities enable experimental conditions that correspond closely to the electrical characteristics of natural lightning strikes. The experimentally generated fulgurites closely resemble naturally-occurring fulgurites in both state and texture. These experimental investigations yield a high reproducibility of the characteristic of fulgurites generated under well-constrained conditions, enabling some inferences to be made regarding the processes involved in the generation of fulgurites in nature. This work provides a basis for a systematic characterization of experimental fulgurites and the characteristic of lightning discharges.

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Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites

Kuo

Smith

Chen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Cloud-to-ground lightning causes both high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphism of rocks, forming rock fulgurite. We demonstrate that a range of microstructural features indicative of high temperatures and pressures can form in fulgurites at the surface and in fractures up to several meters below the surface. In comparison to a granite reference sample collected from a borehole at a depth of 138 m, microstructures in both the surface and fracture fulgurite are characterized by: (i) the presence of glass, (ii) a phase transformation in K-feldspar with the presence of exsolution lamellae of plagioclase, and (iii) high residual stresses up to 1.5 GPa. Since this is the first time that fracture-related fulgurite has been described, we also carried out a 1-D numerical model to investigate the processes by which these can form. The model shows that the electric current density in fractures up to 40 m from the landing point can be as high as that on the surface, providing an explanation for the occurrence of fracture-related fulgurites. Our work broadens the near-surface environments in which rock fulgurite has been reported, and provides a detailed description of microstructures that can be compared to those formed during other types of extreme metamorphic events.

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Characterization of exogenic fulgurites from an archaeological site in Tiedra, Valladolid, Spain

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Physico-chemical study of an exogenic fulgurite from a thunderstorm on 10th August 2013 in Dallas, TX

Physico-chemical study of an exogenic fulgurite from a thunderstorm on 10th August 2013 in Dallas, TX

Experimental generation of fulgurite under realistic lightning discharge conditions

Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites

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