Characterization of Erythromycin-Resistant Isolates of
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
            Recovered in the United States from 1958 through 1969

Nicola, Federico; McDougal, Linda K.; Biddle, James W.; Tenover, Fred C.

doi:10.1128/aac.42.11.3024

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…aureus RN4220- msrA , and S . aureus 6520- ermB ) controls were included as described by Nicola et al [ 6 ]. A 2ul aliquot of each supernatant containing extracted DNA was used as templates for PCR to amplify ermA , ermB , ermC and msrA genes ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clindamycin Resistance among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, in South Western Uganda

Mwambi

Iramiot

Bwanga

et al. 2014

BMRJ

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AimsThe study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Clindamycin (CL) resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Southwestern Uganda.Study DesignLaboratory based cross sectional study.Place and Duration of the StudyThe study was conducted at the Microbiology department of Mbarara Regional referral hospital between November 2012 and December 2013.MethodologyIn our study, we recruited 300 S. aureus isolates that were stored in the laboratory and were obtained from different clinical samples. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by phenotypic methods and for the genotypic expression of Macrolide Lincosamide StreptograminB (MLSB) resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA). The D-test was also performed.ResultsPhenotypically, a total of 109 (36%) S. aureus isolates were resistant to CL, of which 9 (3%) were constitutively resistant while 100 (33.3%) were inducibly resistant. Genotypicaly, 134/300 (44.7%) isolates possessed at least one of the MLSB resistance genes. 23/300 (7.7%) tested positive for ermB, 98/300 (32.7%) tested positive for the ermC and 43/300 (14.3%) tested positive for the msrA genes with none possessing the ermA gene. Isolates were highly resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Erythromycin and Oxacillin with moderate resistance to Vancomycin and Imipenem and least resistance to LinezolidConclusionS. aureus resistance to CL was high in this set up. There was also high resistance to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Erythromycin and Oxacillin but low resistance to Linezolid.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are many reports on inducible resistance of S. aureus in developed as well as developing countries [ 6 – 9 ], there is limited data about CL resistance in Uganda and in the region only one study reported on inducible CL resistance in Tanzania by Mshana et al . [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clindamycin Resistance among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, in South Western Uganda

Mwambi

Iramiot

Bwanga

et al. 2014

BMRJ

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“…In S. aureus , MLS resistance has two phenotypes. The first is due to ribosomal modification by 23S rRNA methylases, mediated primarily by ermA , ermB or ermC (found on plasmids or chromosomes), preventing antimicrobial agents from binding to their ribosomal target site [5,6]. The second resistance type is mediated by msrA and involves the active efflux of the antimicrobial agent by an ATP‐dependent pump, thereby maintaining intracellular concentrations below the level required for binding to ribosomes [6].…”

Section: Emergence Of Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the development of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Schito

2006

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

200

115

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Hospital- and community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections pose a substantial burden in terms of morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The introduction of new antibiotics to counter this pathogen has frequently been closely followed by the emergence of resistant strains. Most significantly, S. aureus isolates resistant to beta-lactams have become common, and many of these are also resistant to beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins. The rapid spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clones across the world often results in hospital outbreaks, but implementation of appropriate control measures usually reduces prevalence to sporadic levels. However, the recent emergence of MRSA infections in the community, affecting patients with no established risk factors for MRSA acquisition, is likely to impact significantly on future strategies for control of nosocomial MRSA. In contrast to other antibiotic classes, S. aureus resistance to glycopeptides did not emerge until nearly 40 years after their clinical introduction, and as a result this drug class has remained the mainstay of treatment for MRSA infections. However, a number of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus isolates have emerged worldwide and four fully resistant S. aureus isolates have been reported in the USA. This raises the concern that the current first-line treatment for MRSA infection may become ineffective in an increasing proportion of cases in the near future. New classes of antibiotic are urgently needed to treat infections with this growing population of multidrug-resistant S. aureus, and the recently introduced oxazolidinone linezolid and the cyclic lipopeptide daptomycin are welcome additions to the ever-narrowing range of therapies effective against this pathogen.

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“…However, to consider all ER‐R staphylococci as CL‐R would lead to the denial of an effective and safe therapy for patients infected with isolates that have only the macrolide efflux mechanism [6]. The frequencies of the different resistance patterns vary widely among clinical staphylococcal isolates according to the patient group and geographical location [1,2,8,9]. Therefore, routine testing also helps to clearly identify those isolates that remain susceptible to clindamycin despite macrolide resistance, the other aim of routine screening [1,2].…”

Section: Incidence Of Inducible and Constitutive Resistance To Erythrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci: first results from Turkey

Azap

Arslan

Timurkaynak

et al. 2005

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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In total, 408 staphylococcal isolates were tested for inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) by the disk-diffusion induction test (D-test). ICR was detected in 5.7% of 105 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, 3.6% of 111 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, 30.8% of 94 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) isolates, and 11.2% of 98 methicillin-sensitive CoNS isolates. All MRSA isolates that were erythromycin-resistant and clindamycin-susceptible were positive by the D-test. The same results were obtained with an azithromycin instead of an erythromycin disk. All isolates were susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin. The cost-benefit of the d-test should be evaluated locally after determining the incidence of the different resistance phenotypes.

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Characterization of Erythromycin-Resistant Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Recovered in the United States from 1958 through 1969

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Clindamycin Resistance among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, in South Western Uganda

Clindamycin Resistance among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, in South Western Uganda

The importance of the development of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci: first results from Turkey

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