Characterization of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus from a bovine with clinical disease with high nucleotide sequence identity to white-tailed deer isolates

Abstract

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) was isolated from a pregnant cow in Indiana, USA, exhibiting excessive salivation, pyrexia and abortion. VP2, VP5, and VP7 sequences of the isolated bovine EHDV showed 97.7, 97.4, and 97.9 % identity to a serotype 2 reference virus. Bovine EHDV was closely related (>99.9 %) to white tailed deer (WTD) EHDV collected from Iowa in 2013 and showed less than 2.1 % divergence from EHDV collected from WTD across the USA in 2013. The high degree of sequence identity between bovine and WTD EHDV isolates demonstrates that similar viruses concurrently circulate in both species and suggests possible further incursions into bovines.

Generation of virus like particles for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus

“…Although EHDV has long been regarded as a causing only infrequent outbreaks in cattle, clinical disease similar to bluetongue has been reported on several occasions, since 2005, in five Mediterranean countries as well as in the USA (Breard et al, 2013). Recent sequence analyses of EHDV isolates from cattle with clinical disease in Indiana (USA) indicate high identity levels to the EHDV-2 reference strain isolated from a white tailed deer, suggesting that similar viruses can circulate in both species, posing a threat to both wildlife and cattle (Anbalagan and Hause, 2014b). Furthermore, when the EHDV-7 strain isolated from infected cattle in Israel was used to experimentally infect white tailed deer, they developed clinical signs similar to EHD caused by North American EHDV strains .…”

Epidemiology and Emergence of Schmallenberg Virus Part 1: Origin, Transmission and Differential Diagnosis

“…The clinical signs of EHD in cattle are fever, anorexia, dysphagia, prostration, nasal discharge, ulcerative and necrotic lesions of the oral mucosa, hyperaemia and oedema of the conjunctival mucosae, muzzle, hyperaemia of the teats and udder, haemorrhage, dehydration and lameness [33,35]. Abortions [38] and stillbirths have also been reported in some epidemics [39].…”

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease

“…There is considerable genetic variation among the strains of EHDV that circulate within endemic regions, including among virus strains of the same serotype (6,11,73,76,77,78,79,80). For example, six serotypes of EHDV have been detected in the historically endemic area in northern Australia (26,34,44,54), and at least three different serotypes currently circulate in North America (76,77,81).…”

“…Although recognised earlier in the south-eastern United States, EHD was first described after a severe outbreak of the disease in white-tailed deer in New Jersey in 1955 (5). Epidemics of EHD continue to occur regularly in this species throughout much of North America east of the Rocky Mountains (1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13). The disease also occurs sporadically in American pronghorn antelope and bighorn sheep, and was documented recently in brocket deer in Brazil and captive yaks in Colorado (1,2,13,14).…”

“…A notable exception to the usually asymptomatic EHDV infection in cattle has been Ibaraki virus (EHDV serotype 2 [EHDV-2]), which caused an extensive outbreak of disease in Japanese cattle in 1959 and continues to sporadically cause disease outbreaks among cattle in the Far East (56,57,58,59,60). More recently, strains of EHDV-2, 6 and 7 have been the apparent cause of a bluetongue-like disease syndrome of cattle in northern and southern Africa, North America, Reunion Island, and the Mediterranean Basin, including Algeria, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia and western Turkey (4,6,8,39,40,49,55,61,62,63,64).…”