Characterization of Ephedrine as Illegal Methamphetamine Precursors Based on δ15N, δ13C, and δ2H Isotopes: Their Application for Methamphetamine Profiling in Indonesia

Abstract

And the isotope profiles of methamphetamine were similar to those of the precursors. Conclusion: The δ 15 N, δ 13 C, and δ 2 H isotope clusters of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine can be applied to seized methamphetamine samples to characterize the origin of the precursor.

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 Enantiomeric resolution of ephedrine racemic mixture using molecularly imprinted carboxylic acid functionalized resin [ 577 ]; multiphase extraction method for separation of ephedrine from pinellia ternate [ 578 ]; LCMS method for the enantiomeric separation of typical illicit drugs such as ephedrines (ie, 1S,2R(+)-ephedrine and 1R,2S(−)-ephedrine) and pseudoephedrine (ie, R,R(−)-pseudoephedrine and S,S(+)-pseudoephedrine) [ 579 ]; three compounds obtained from ephedrine (Ephedrone (methcathinone) hydrochloride and its fundamental derivatives N-acetylephedrine and N-acetylephedrone) were identified and characterized by GC-MS, NMRS, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography [ 580 ]; study of Raman spectroscopic differences between Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine using micro-Raman spectroscopy and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy [ 581 ]; 2021 electrochemical sensor for voltammetric (CV, DVP and square wave voltammetry) analysis of ephedrine in pharmaceutical dosage [ 582 ]; an ephedrine sensing method using an electrified liquid-liquid interface supported with an array of apertures micro-punched in the self-adhesive polyimide tape [ 583 ]; Birch reaction method was employed to synthesize amphetamine from ephedrine and detect the most known TLC byproduct of clandestine manufacture of amphetamines [ 584 ]; H-1 NMR method for quantification of ephedrine alkaloids (methylephedrine, ephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methylpseudoephedrine) and ephedra herbal preparations [ 585 ]; electrochemical sensor for determination of ephedrine hydrochloride [ 586 ]; HPLC-IT/TOF-MS method for identification of impurities in chloroephedrine samples and preparation of a chloroephedrine standard [ 587 ]; method for chiral separation of ephedrine and its stereoisomers by supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) [ 588 ]; isotope profiling of delta N-15, delta C-13, and delta H-2 isotope clusters of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine to characterize the origin of the precursor in seized methamphetamine samples [ 589 ]; calixarene based portable sensor for the direct assay of ephedrine in non-prescribed herbal supplements used as adjunctive therapy for weight loss [ 590 ]; analysis of the ephedrine in Pinellia tuber marketed products by LC-TOF/MS [ 591 ]; novel stationary phase coatings by zeolite SiO2NPs coupled with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) or beta-CD/ l -phenylalanine were developed for chiral open-tubular capillary electrochromatography and applied to the chiral separation of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine [ 592 ]; method for the rapid detection of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine chiral enantiomers using erythrosin B for the resonance Rayleigh scattering probe [ 593 , 594 ]; 2022 UV–Vis spectrophotometric method to estimate ephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical drugs [ 595 ]; synthesis of eight new organotin derivatives containing ephedrine-substituted dithiocarbamate ligands [ <...…”