Characterization of Engineered Biochar: Proximate Analyses, Ultimate Analyses, Physicochemical Analyses, Surface Analyses, and Molecular Analyses

Świechowski, Kacper; Rasaq, Waheed A.; Stegenta-Dąbrowska, Sylwia; Białowiec, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-2488-0_8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Substrates and compost samples were characterized according to methods published elsewhere [ 22 , 23 ]. Analyses of water content (WC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), loss on ignition (LOI), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), respiration activity AT 4 , ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N) content were carried out.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Monoxide Production during Bio-Waste Composting under Different Temperature and Aeration Regimes

et al. 2023

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Despite the development of biorefinery processes, the possibility of coupling the “conventional” composting process with the production of biochemicals is not taken into account. However, net carbon monoxide (CO) production has been observed during bio-waste composting. So far, O2 concentration and temperature have been identified as the main variables influencing CO formation. This study aimed to investigate CO net production during bio-waste composting under controlled laboratory conditions by varying aeration rates and temperatures. A series of composting processes was carried out in conditions ranging from mesophilic to thermophilic (T = 35, 45, 55, and 65 °C) and an aeration rate of 2.7, 3.4, 4.8, and 7.8 L·h−1. Based on the findings of this study, suggestions for the improvement of CO production throughout the composting process have been developed for the first time. The highest concentrations of CO in each thermal variant was achieved with an O2 deficit (aeration rate 2.7 L·h−1); additionally, CO levels increased with temperature, reaching ~300 ppm at 65 °C. The production of CO in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions draws attention to biological CO formation by microorganisms capable of producing the CODH enzyme. Further research on CO production efficiency in these thermal ranges is necessary with the characterization of the microbial community and analysis of the ability of the identified bacteria to produce the CODH enzyme and convert CO from CO2.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Monoxide Production during Bio-Waste Composting under Different Temperature and Aeration Regimes

et al. 2023

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“…Each compost sample was characterized for its moisture content (MC) after sample drying at 105 °C to a constant mass in a laboratory dryer (WAMED, model KBC-65 W, Warsaw, Poland) according to PN-EN 14346:2011 [ 11 ] loss on ignition (LOI) was determined at 550 °C in a muffle furnace (SNOL, model 8.1/1100, Utena, Lithuania) according to PN-EN 15169:2011 [ 12 ]. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the compost were measured by CPC-411 meter, (Elmetron, Zabrze, Poland) with a standard procedure by dispersing 10 g of compost in 100 g of deionized water [ 13 ]. Reactors were weighed every week to determine water loss by evaporation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Abiotic and Biotic Conditions for Degradation Behaviors of Common Biodegradable Products in Stabilized Composts

Stegenta-Dąbrowska,

Korendał,

Kochanowicz

et al. 2024

Materials

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This work examines the influence of the degradation behaviors of biotic and abiotic conditions on three types of biodegradable products: cups from PLA and from cellulose, and plates from sugarcane. The main objective of this study was to evaluate if biodegradable products can be degraded in composts that were stabilized by backyard composting. Furthermore, the impact of crucial abiotic parameters (temperature and pH) for the degradation behaviors process was investigated. The changes in the biopolymers were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. This work confirmed that abiotic and biotic conditions are important for an effective disintegration of the investigated biodegradable products. Under abiotic conditions, the degradation behaviors of PLA were observable under both tested temperature (38 and 59 °C) conditions, but only at the higher temperature was complete disintegration observed after 6 weeks of incubation in mature compost. Moreover, our research shows that some biodegradable products made from cellulose also need additional attention, especially with respect to incorporated additives, as composting could be altered and optimal conditions in composting may not be achieved. This study shows that the disintegration of biodegradable products is a comprehensive process and requires detailed evaluation during composting. The results also showed that biodegradable products can also be degraded post composting and that microplastic pollution from biodegradable polymers in soil may be removed by simple physical treatments.

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“…Volatile solids (VS) were determined using a mu e furnace (SNOL, model 8.1/1100, Utena, Lithuania) according to PN-EN 15169:2011. Electroconductivity and pH were evaluated on a 1:10 w/v solid/water suspension41,42 using Elmetron CPC-411. CHNS Elemental Analyzer (CE Instruments Ltd., UK) was used according to PN-ISO 13878:2002 for C, H, and N. The respirometry activity (a.k.a.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disposal of grass clippings from sports turfs - effect of fertilization on gaseous emissions and pollution in leachate

Sobol,

Koziel,

Stegenta-Dąbrowska

2024

Preprint

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Mowing sports turfs and grass surfaces generates waste biomass in the form of grass clippings. Biomass composting is commonly practiced generating nutrient-rich soil amendments. However, decomposing biomass can have adverse environmental effects such as gaseous emissions and nutrient leaching. This research investigated: (1) the kinetics of CO, CO2, and O2 emissions during the decomposition of grass clippings, (2) the leaching potential of organic and nitrogen compounds in the initially decomposed grass clippings. Grass clippings from the mowing of four football fields with different levels of nitrogen fertilization and agrotechnical treatments were studied over three periods characteristic of the league season. The results showed that grass clippings from sports turfs can generate up to 5 times more CO emissions compared to previous research. CO2 production and O2 consumption were relatively similar for all seasons, except for clippings from the unfertilized pitch. No significant differences in gaseous emissions were observed between variants with different levels of nitrogen fertilization and season, which can probably be explained by using turf pesticides, widely known as substances that strongly affect microbes growing in the soil. Clippings from low-fertilized or non-fertilized grass were more likely to have a higher leachability potential. Results confirm that the proper timing of fertilization and irrigation during the growing season can limit and control leaching from grass clippings.

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Characterization of Engineered Biochar: Proximate Analyses, Ultimate Analyses, Physicochemical Analyses, Surface Analyses, and Molecular Analyses

Cited by 5 publications

References 92 publications

Carbon Monoxide Production during Bio-Waste Composting under Different Temperature and Aeration Regimes

Carbon Monoxide Production during Bio-Waste Composting under Different Temperature and Aeration Regimes

The Impact of Abiotic and Biotic Conditions for Degradation Behaviors of Common Biodegradable Products in Stabilized Composts

Disposal of grass clippings from sports turfs - effect of fertilization on gaseous emissions and pollution in leachate

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