Characterization of emissions of dioxins and furans from ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer and polyvinyl chloride facilities in the United States. Consolidated report

Carroll, William F.; Berger, T.C.; Borrelli, F.E.; Garrity, P.J.; Jacobs, R.A.; Ledvina, J; Lewis, John W.; McCreedy, R.L.; Smith, Terrance P.; Tuhovak, D.R; Weston, A. F.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00422-7

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Halogenated and metalized polymeric films can achieve an OTR of 0.1–10 cc/m 2 /day [6,7,8,9]. However, these polymer films pose many environmental and health threats [6,7,8,9]. For example, the incineration of aluminum-coated PET films and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) produces fine dust and dioxins, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper introduces a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. Most commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of <1 cc/m 2 /day in highly controlled conditions. A CNF film typically fabricated by the air drying of a CNF aqueous solution reveals an OTR of 19.08 cc/m 2 /day. The addition of 0-5 wt % BNNS to the CNF dispersion before drying results in a composite film with highly improved OTR of 4.7 cc/m 2 /day, which is sufficient for meat and cheese packaging. BNNS as a 2D nanomaterial increases the pathway of oxygen gas and reduces the chances of pinhole formation during film fabrication involving water drying. In addition, BNNS improves the mechanical properties of the CNF films (Young's modulus and tensile strength) without significant elongation reductions, probably due to the good miscibility of CNF and BNNS in the aqueous solution. Addition of BNNS also produces negligible color change, which is important for film aesthetics. An in vitro cell experiment was performed to reveal the low cytotoxicity of the CNF/BNNS composite. This composite film has great potential as a sustainable high-performance food-packaging material.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, certain carcinogenic dioxins may be released during the manufacturing or landfilling of PVC. 30,31 Bisphenol A (BPA) An industrial chemical used to make certain plastics or epoxy resins including water bottles, sports equipment, CDs, and DVDs.…”

Section: Common Ingredients Not Found In Disposable Diapersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Diaper Ingredient Questions: Modern Disposable Diaper Materials Are Safe and Extensively Tested

Counts

Weisbrod

Yin

2017

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Today’s disposable diapers are high-performance and well-tested products, designed to keep skin dry and healthy. They are primarily made of biologically inert polymers, commonly used in fabrics and other materials that are in contact with skin, and in foods and cosmetics. Still, product safety and ingredients in everyday products can be a source of anxiety for new parents. This article provides the facts behind some commonly asked questions from consumers about diaper ingredients and safety, including myths and facts related to chlorine, latex, dyes, and chemical additives.

show abstract

“…The selected congener concentration data set was normalized. According to analysis above, the suspected PCDD/Fs sources fingerprints considered various types of industry and human activities taken from different studies in the literatures, including pentachlorophenol (PCP) (Bao et al 1995), sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) (Bao et al 1995), emission gas from PVC production (Carroll et al 2001), house coal burning (Lee et al 2005), agricultural straw open burning (Shih et al 2008), emission gas from iron ore sintering (Aries et al 2006) and emission gases from secondary Al and Cu metallurgy ). The PCA results provided threedimensional model (Eigenvalue [ 1) which would explain 75.8 % of the variance in the data.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pcdd/fs In Soil/sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution characteristics and potential health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil/sediment from Baiyin City, North West, China

Peng

et al. 2013

Environ Geochem Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to better understand the environmental behaviors of persistent organic pollutants, the characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were investigated in twenty-three soil/sediment samples from Baiying City, Northwest China, in 2008. The possible sources and potential health risk of PCDD/Fs were also discussed. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in nineteen soil samples varied between 20.13 and 496.26 pg/g dry weight (dw.), with an average value of 125.59 pg/g dw. The highest International Toxic Equivalent (I-TEQ) of PCDD/Fs (8.34 pg/g dw.) in soil was found at sample S1 collected from proximity to a copper metallurgy plant. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in four sediment samples ranged from 37.69 to 491.49 pg/g dw., with an average value of 169.95 pg/g dw. The highest I-TEQ of PCDD/Fs (8.56 pg/g dw.) in sediment was found at sample S12 collected from the East big ditch with waste water discharged into the Yellow River. The results indicated that PCDD/Fs contamination of soil/sediment is originated from three sources: chlorine-containing chemicals, non-ferrous metal industrial PCDD/Fs emission and coal burning. The health risk exposure to PCDD/Fs through soil, dust ingestion and dermal absorption ranged from 0.0006 to 0.0134 pg/kg/day Word Health Organization's toxic equivalent in 1998 (WHO 1998 -TEQ) with mean values 0.0032 pg WHO 1998 -TEQ for adults and varied between 0.0012 and 0.0256 pg/kg/day WHO 1998 -TEQ with mean values 0.006 pg/kg/day WHO 1998 -TEQ for children, respectively. These results indicated that health risk of PCDD/Fs for children should be paid more attention.

show abstract

Characterization of emissions of dioxins and furans from ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer and polyvinyl chloride facilities in the United States. Consolidated report

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity

Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity

Common Diaper Ingredient Questions: Modern Disposable Diaper Materials Are Safe and Extensively Tested

Pollution characteristics and potential health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil/sediment from Baiyin City, North West, China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About