Characterization of Emissions from Vehicles Using Methanol and Methanol-Gasoline Blended Fuels

Gabele, Peter A.; Baugh, J; Black, Frank; Snow, Richard

doi:10.1080/00022470.1985.10466019

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is possible that the laboratory procedure used in this program could not accurately measure low levels of aldehyde concentrations. An EPA test program utilizing two 1984 model cars found that aldehyde emissions averaged 0.0043 grams/km (0.108 grains/mile), an increase of 49% over gasoline, when a blend containing 4.5% methanol by volume and 5.7% TBA by volume was used (Gabele et al, 1985). The program identified approximately 80% of the aldehyde increase, or 0.0012 grams/km (0.031 grains/mile), as formaldehyde emissions.…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Stoichiometry Exhaust Emissions and mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL FUELS FROM COAL-DERIVED SYNTHESIS GAS. Includes quarterly technical progress report No.25 from 10/01/1997-12/31/1997, and quarterly technical progress report No.26 from 01/01/1998-03/31/1998

1999

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This project was divided into two parts. One part evaluated possible catalysts for producing higher-alcohols (C 2 to C 5+ ) as fuel additives. The other part provided guidance by looking both at the economics of mixed-alcohol production from coal-derived syngas and the effect of higher alcohol addition on gasoline octane and engine performance. The catalysts studied for higher-alcohol synthesis were molybdenum sulfides promoted with potassium. The best catalysts produced alcohols at a rate of 200 g/ kg of catalyst/ h. Higher-alcohol selectivity was over 40%. The hydrocarbon by-product was less than 20%. These catalysts met established success criteria. The economics for mixed alcohols produced from coal were poor compared to mixed alcohols produced from natural gas. Syngas from natural gas was always less expensive than syngas from coal. Engine tests showed that mixed alcohols added to gasoline significantly improved fuel quality. Mixed-alcohols as produced by our catalysts enhanced gasoline octane and decreased engine emissions. Mixed-alcohol addition gave better results than adding individual alcohols as had been done in the 1980's when some refiners added methanol or ethanol to gasoline.

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Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Stoichiometry Exhaust Emissions and mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL FUELS FROM COAL-DERIVED SYNTHESIS GAS. Includes quarterly technical progress report No.25 from 10/01/1997-12/31/1997, and quarterly technical progress report No.26 from 01/01/1998-03/31/1998

1999

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“…The dynamometer (Horiba Instruments, Inc.) simulated road load by means of a DC electric motor-generator directly coupled to the front rolls of the dynamometer. The dynamometer rolls were enclosed within a 370-ft 3 temperature controlled test chamber (TCTC), which permits vehicle soak and operation at temperatures ranging from 20°F to 100° F. Exhaust gases from the test vehicle were directed via a 7.6-cm (3-in)-diam- eter, flexible stainless steel line to a 20.3-cm (8-in) diameter dilution tunnel. This line was heated to 235° F to prevent wall losses of exhaust organics.…”

Section: Facility Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Emissions from a Variable Gasoline/Methanol Fueled Car

Gabele

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In response to the occurrence of the increasingly severe ambient ozone exceedances, regional environmental managers are examining the possibility of a cleaner fuel for automobiles. At this time the leading candidate appears to be methanol. In anticipation of a shift to methanol, flexible-fueled automobiles capable of operating on gasoline and/or methanol are being developed. This study examines both the exhaust and evaporative emissions from a prototype General Motors Variable Fuel Corsica. Results are reported for tests conducted at temperatures of 40 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90 degrees F, and for fuels M0 M25, M50, M85, and M100. In addition to regulated emissions and fuel economy, emission rates for methanol, aldehydes, and a large number of hydrocarbon compounds were measured. The data indicate that increasing the fuel's methanol content does not affect the exhaust organic emission rate (calculated in accordance with the regulation) from flexible-fueled cars, but formaldehyde and methanol comprise increasingly greater portions of the organic material while hydrocarbons comprise less. Increasing fuel methanol content has no significant effect on exhaust regulated emission rates (organic material, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides) nor on the composition of total hydrocarbons, except for methane, which increases substantially. The effect of ambient temperature on both exhaust and evaporative emissions is similar to its effect on gasoline cars: organic and carbon monoxide exhaust emissions increase substantially at the lower temperatures, and evaporative emissions increase steadily with increases in temperature.

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“…Aldehydes. Aldehyde emissions (primarily Figure4 presentsratios of regulated emisformaldehyde) from methanol engines in-signs from a varietyof comparableengines, crease by an order of magnitudeover those usingthe 13-mode test (which originallywas from gasoline engines(Gabele et al 1985).defined by EPA for heavy-dutyvehicles) Recent tests have confirmed these results compared to the 1991-93 Federal standard (Singh and Sekar 1988). lt is expected that the usingthe transienttest (which EPA nowuses).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessment of costs and benefits of flexible and alternative fuel use in the US transportation sector

1989

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Characterization of Emissions from Vehicles Using Methanol and Methanol-Gasoline Blended Fuels

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL FUELS FROM COAL-DERIVED SYNTHESIS GAS. Includes quarterly technical progress report No.25 from 10/01/1997-12/31/1997, and quarterly technical progress report No.26 from 01/01/1998-03/31/1998

THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL FUELS FROM COAL-DERIVED SYNTHESIS GAS. Includes quarterly technical progress report No.25 from 10/01/1997-12/31/1997, and quarterly technical progress report No.26 from 01/01/1998-03/31/1998

Characterization of Emissions from a Variable Gasoline/Methanol Fueled Car

Assessment of costs and benefits of flexible and alternative fuel use in the US transportation sector

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