Characterization of embryo and protocorm development of Paphiopedilum spicerianum

Paphiopedilum orchids have a high ornamental value, whose flower abundance and timing are both key horticultural traits regulated by phytohormones. All one-flowered Paphiopedilum have additional lateral buds in the apical bract that fail to develop. In this study, an exogenous GA3 application promoted flowering of Pycnogonum callosum by inducing its early bolting instead of the floral transition of dominant flowers. Applying GA3 effectively promoted lateral flower differentiation, resulting in a two-flowered inflorescence. GA-promoted of lateral flower formation involved GA interacting with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (CTKs), given the decreased CTK content and down-regulated expression of CTK synthesis genes, the increased IAA content and down-regulated expression of IAA degradation, and the up-regulated expression of transport genes. Further, GA acted via PcDELLA, PcTCP15, and PcXTH9 expressed in stage 5 to promote bolting, and via expression of PcAP3, PcPI, and PcSEP to promote flowering. This study provides insight into mechanisms regulating flower development of P. callosum.

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“…Details about the samples’ preparation and paraffin sectioning are described in Fang et al . [ 50 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous GA3 promotes flowering in Paphiopedilum callosum (Orchidaceae) through bolting and lateral flower development regulation

Yin

Guo

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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“…Interestingly, in Paphiopedilum armeniacum, the ABA level increases, followed by a decline at the final stages of maturation. However, in Paphiopedilum spicerianum, the ABA level remains high throughout maturation (Fang et al 2021).…”

Section: The Hormonal Environment Associated With Embryo Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

The orchid embryo — “an embryonic protocorm”

Yeung

2022

Botany

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Orchid embryo development is unusual among flowering plants with many distinctive characteristics. This review highlights the unique features of orchid embryos. After fertilization, the polarity is established in the zygote before its first asymmetric division. In species such as Epidendrum ibaguense, the zygote elongates before the first asymmetric division, while others such as Cymbidium sinense divide without an apparent cell elongation phase. An obvious structural polarity with a prominent vacuole at the micropylar end is not necessarily present in orchid zygotes. The suspensor is derived from the basal cell of a two-celled embryo, and varied morphologies can be found. The suspensor functions in nutrient uptake and can have a morphogenetic role to play in embryo proper development. For embryos without an expanded suspensor, nutrients have to be acquired directly through their surface. The embryo proper develops from the terminal cell of a two-celled embryo. It undergoes a limited number of cell divisions resulting in a tiny embryo with a protocorm body plan. Despite their simple structural organization, orchid embryos have developmental programs as complex as other flowering plants. The ultimate goal of embryo development is to generate a protocorm body plan ready for germination.

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“…Paphiopedilum is one of the most primordial genera of Orchidaceae, which includes 107 species so far. Members of this genus have considerable horticultural value and development potential ( Huang et al, 2016 ; Fang et al, 2021 ). The Paphiopedilum orchids are generally known as the Lady’s slipper orchid owing to their slipper-shaped pouch ( Tsai et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Paphiopedilum orchids are generally known as the Lady’s slipper orchid owing to their slipper-shaped pouch ( Tsai et al, 2020 ). They are extremely popular and highly valued in the horticulture market because of their unique flowers that have abundant colors, shapes, and sizes and long floral lifespan ( Tsai et al, 2020 ; Fang et al, 2021 ). Unfortunately, members of this genus are endangered with their population severely declining in recent decades owing to the native habitat loss, rampant smuggling, and over-collection ( Fang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are extremely popular and highly valued in the horticulture market because of their unique flowers that have abundant colors, shapes, and sizes and long floral lifespan ( Tsai et al, 2020 ; Fang et al, 2021 ). Unfortunately, members of this genus are endangered with their population severely declining in recent decades owing to the native habitat loss, rampant smuggling, and over-collection ( Fang et al, 2021 ). To conserve these endangered species, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) placed all Paphiopedilum species on the conservation list in 2017 to ban illegal trade ( Yang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the symbiotic germination of Paphiopedilum barbigerum with Epulorhiza sp. FQXY019

Tian,

Wang,

Ding

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionPaphiopedilum barbigerum is currently the rarest and most endangered species of orchids in China and has significant ornamental value. The mature seeds of P. barbigerum are difficult to germinate owing to the absence of an endosperm and are highly dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for germination and subsequent development. However, little is known about the regulation mechanisms of symbiosis and symbiotic germination of P. barbigerum seeds.MethodsHerein, transcriptomics and proteomics were used to explore the changes in the P. barbigerum seeds after inoculation with (FQXY019 treatment group) or without (control group) Epulorhiza sp. FQXY019 at 90 days after germination.ResultsTranscriptome sequencing revealed that a total of 10,961 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 2,599 upregulated and 8,402 downregulated) were identified in the control and FQXY019 treatment groups. These DEGs were mainly involved in carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the expression levels of candidate DEGs related to nodulin, Ca2+ signaling, and plant lectins were significantly affected in P. barbigerum in the FQXY019 treatment groups. Subsequently, tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics was performed to recognize the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and a total of 537 DEPs (220 upregulated and 317 downregulated) were identified that were enriched in processes including photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism.DiscussionThis study provides novel insight on the mechanisms underlying the in vitro seed germination and protocorm development of P. barbigerum by using a compatible fungal symbiont and will benefit the reintroduction and mycorrhizal symbiotic germination of endangered orchids.

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Characterization of embryo and protocorm development of Paphiopedilum spicerianum

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Exogenous GA3 promotes flowering in Paphiopedilum callosum (Orchidaceae) through bolting and lateral flower development regulation

Exogenous GA3 promotes flowering in Paphiopedilum callosum (Orchidaceae) through bolting and lateral flower development regulation

The orchid embryo — “an embryonic protocorm”

Comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the symbiotic germination of Paphiopedilum barbigerum with Epulorhiza sp. FQXY019

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