Characterization of eco-friendly fluorescent nanoparticle-doped tracers for environmental sensing

Tauro, Flavia; Rapiti, Emiliano; Al‐Sharab, Jafar F.; Ubertini, Lucio; Grimaldi, Salvatore; Porfiri, Maurizio

doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1884-y

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We thus suggest that LSPIV measurements should be preceded by feasibility studies on the identification of proper highly visible tracers to accurately seed the flow. In future studies, we will investigate the combined use of buoyant fluorescent particles [ Tauro et al ., ], UV or LED illumination, camera filters, and polarizers to remarkably enhance LSPIV measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orienting the camera and firing lasers to enhance large scale particle image velocimetry for streamflow monitoring

Tauro

Porfiri

Grimaldi

2014

Water Resources Research

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Large scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) is a nonintrusive methodology for continuous surface flow monitoring in natural environments. Recent experimental studies demonstrate that LSPIV is a promising technique to estimate flow discharge in riverine systems. Traditionally, LSPIV implementations are based on the use of angled cameras to capture extended fields of view; images are then orthorectified and calibrated through the acquisition of ground reference points. As widely documented in the literature, the identification of ground reference points and image orthorectification are major hurdles in LSPIV. Here we develop an experimental apparatus to address both of these issues. The proposed platform includes a laser system for remote frame calibration and a low-cost camera that is maintained orthogonal with respect to the water surface to minimize image distortions. We study the feasibility of the apparatus on two complex natural riverine environments where the acquisition of ground reference points is prevented and illumination and seeding density conditions are challenging. While our results confirm that velocity estimations can be severely affected by inhomogeneously seeded surface tracers and adverse illumination settings, they demonstrate that LSPIV implementations can benefit from the proposed apparatus. Specifically, the presented system opens novel avenues in the development of stand-alone platforms for remote surface flow monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orienting the camera and firing lasers to enhance large scale particle image velocimetry for streamflow monitoring

Tauro

Porfiri

Grimaldi

2014

Water Resources Research

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“…Such tests aim at providing insight on the resilience of the fluorescence labelling upon deployment of the diatoms in outdoor settings. In addition to providing precious feedback on the dye staining procedure as in (Leblanc and Hutchins ) for Thalassiosira weissflogii cells, such experiments also aim at assessing the feasibility of using the tracer in realistic natural conditions (Tauro et al ., , ). Washing tests are executed by preparing eight samples of 40 mg of diatomite and deploying them in 20 ml solutions at concentrations of 20 µg ml −1 of rhodamine 123 in ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diatom percolation through soils: a proof of concept laboratory experiment

et al. 2015

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Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic algae that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. In particular, their presence is abundant in stream flows, whereas the instance and transport of cells through subsurface flow is controversial. In this work, we study the transport of diatoms through soils by designing laboratory percolation experiments on undisturbed loamy and sandy soil cores. To label diatom tracers and enhance their detectability, we develop protocols to functionalize frustules of purified diatomite and Conticribra weissflogii cultures with rhodamine 123 and 2‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5[4‐dimethylaminoethyl‐aminocarbamoyl)‐methoxy]phenyloxazole, respectively. Labelled diatoms demonstrate good detectability and resilience under weathering agents. We execute percolation experiments for maximum time domains of approximately 600 min where volumes of water up to 3600 ml are deployed on the soil core surface. Under such experimental conditions, fluorescent diatoms are not recovered in samples of percolated material as per microscopy and spectrofluorometry. While further field studies are needed to fully investigate diatom transport, our findings shed new light on the potential of using biotic tracers for surface hydrological processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Surface flow velocity observations based on the use of high‐visibility beads have been demonstrated in Tauro et al . (, , , ). Particle size ranges from 0.5 up to 1 cm, and beads are red, yellow, orange, and green.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of drone‐based surface flow observations

Tauro

Petroselli

Arcangeletti

2015

Hydrological Processes

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Remote surface flow observations are crucial for improving the comprehension of hydrological phenomena. A recent advancement in remote hydrological measurements involves the use of drones for generating surface flow-velocity field maps through large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV). In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of drone-based LSPIV with fixed implementations. Quantitative indices are introduced to test the efficiency of the techniques with regards to measurement accuracy, sensitivity to the transit of tracers, and platform mobility. Experimental findings support drone-based observations in outdoor settings. Specifically, measurements from the aerial platform are more sensitive to the transit of tracers and closer to benchmark values than traditional LSPIV implementations. Future work should aim at improving the stability of the aerial platform and mitigating the effects of tracer scarcity.Image resolution and frequency are opportunely adjusted for LSPIV analyses. Average observation times (Obs. time) and interrogation window sizes (Int. window) are reported for each set of experiments. LSPIV, large-scale particle image velocimetry; HD, high-definition.

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Characterization of eco-friendly fluorescent nanoparticle-doped tracers for environmental sensing

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Orienting the camera and firing lasers to enhance large scale particle image velocimetry for streamflow monitoring

Orienting the camera and firing lasers to enhance large scale particle image velocimetry for streamflow monitoring

Diatom percolation through soils: a proof of concept laboratory experiment

Assessment of drone‐based surface flow observations

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