Characterization of dust material emitted during harbour activities by k0-INAA and PIXE

Almeida, Susana Marta; Silva, A. V.; Freitas, M. C.; Marques, Afonso; Ramos, C. A.; Silva, A. I.; Pinheiro, Teresa

doi:10.1007/s10967-011-1279-4

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As the measurement site is in the vicinity of the channel and the berths, when wind directions are favorable for measurements ship plumes passing the instrument cause a distinctive change in the measured components against background concentrations; these changes are defined as a ship plume event. Several studies have confirmed that synchronic variation in pollutant concentrations can be used to identify the occurrence of ship plume events from observation made near the harbor (Alföldy et al, 2013;Ault et al, 2010;Contini et al, 2015;Gao et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2006;Kattner et al, 2015): SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 , BC, PM 2.5 concentrations and number concentrations of aerosol particles increase simultaneously at the onset of the ship plume, whereas the O 3 concentration decreases due to its reduction reaction with NO to form NO 2 . Nitrogen compounds were abundant in the atmosphere in JT due to the heavy traffic, whereas the source of high SO 2 emissions was rather simple.…”

Section: Ship Plume Eventsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recent onboard and in situ measurements have revealed that high-S F fuel generally creates higher sulfur, particle and soot emissions (Celo et al, 2015;Contini et al, 2015;Cooper, 2003;Fridell et al, 2008;Lack et al, 2011;Moldanová et al, 2009;Petzold et al, 2010;Sinha et al, 2003;Winnes and Fridell, 2010;Winnes et al, 2016). A significant metal contribution from residual fuel combustion has also been noted (Lake et al, 2004), in addition to the contribution to the emission (Kweon et al, 2003;Lack et al, 2011;Lee et al, 1998) and formation (Ault et al, 2010) of particulate organic matter.…”

Section: Properties Of Fuel Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compliance and port air quality features with respect to ship fuel switching regulation: a field observation campaign, SEISO-Bohai

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Since 1 January 2017, ships berthed at the core ports of three designated “domestic emission control areas” (DECAs) in China should be using fuel with a sulfur content less than or equal to 0.5 %. In order to evaluate the impacts of fuel switching, a measurement campaign (SEISO-Bohai) was conducted from 28 December 2016 to 15 January 2017 at Jingtang Harbor, an area within the seventh busiest port in the world. This campaign included meteorological monitoring, pollutant monitoring, aerosol sampling and fuel sampling. During the campaign, 16 ship plumes were captured by the on-shore measurement site, and 4 plumes indicated the usage of high-SF (SF refers to the sulfur content of marine fuels). The average reduction of the mean ΔNOx∕ΔSO2 ratio from high-sulfur plumes (3.26) before 1 January to low-sulfur plumes (12.97) after 1 January shows a direct SO2 emission reduction of 75 %, consistent with the sulfur content reduction (79 %). The average concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm), NOx, SO2, O3 and CO during campaign were 147.85 µg m−3, 146.93, 21.91, 29.68 ppb and 2.21 ppm, respectively, among which NOx reached a maximum hourly concentration of 692.6 ppb, and SO2 reached a maximum hourly concentration of 165.5 ppb. The mean concentrations of carbonaceous and dominant ionic species in particles were 6.52 (EC – elemental carbon), 23.10 (OC – organic carbon), 22.04 (SO42-), 25.95 (NO3-) and 13.55 (NH4+) µg m−3. Although the carbonaceous species in particles were not significantly affected by fuel switching, the gas and particle pollutants in the ambient air exhibited clear and effective improvements due to the implementation of low-sulfur fuel. Comparison with the prevailing atmospheric conditions and a wind map of SO2 variation concluded a prompt SO2 reduction of 70 % in ambient air after fuel switching. Given the high humidity at the study site, this SO2 reduction will abate the concentration of secondary aerosols and improve the acidity of particulate matter. Based on the enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, vanadium was identified as a marker of residual fuel ship emissions, decreasing significantly by 97.1 % from 309.9 ng m−3 before fuel switching to 9.1 ng m−3 after regulation, which indicated a crucial improvement due to the implementation of low-sulfur fuels. Ship emissions were proven to be significantly influential both directly and indirectly on the port environment and the coastal areas around Bohai Bay, where the population density reaches over 650 people per square kilometer. The results from this study report the positive impact of fuel switching on the air quality in the study region and indicate a new method for identifying the ship fuel type used by vessels in the area.

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Section: Ship Plume Eventsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Properties Of Fuel Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance and port air quality features with respect to ship fuel switching regulation: a field observation campaign, SEISO-Bohai

et al. 2019

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“…Setúbal is a high-density urban region that coexists not only with heavy industry but also with protected natural areas (Sado Estuary and Arrábida, which belongs to the protected area Natura 2000 Network). The industrial area includes (1) paper, cement, pesticides, fertilizers, and chemical industries, which are responsible for the emission of large amounts of particles and chemical elements (Freitas et al, 2003;Farinha et al, 2009, Almeida et al, 2012a; (2) harbors, which emit significant amounts of dust fugitive emissions (Almeida et al, 2012b;Silva et al, 2012); and (3) heavy traffic associated with the transport of products and materials (Garcia et al, 2013). In the city of Setúbal, traffic is the main source of atmospheric pollution.…”

Section: Studied Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Particles and Ozone on Hospital Admissions for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in SetúBal, Portugal

Almeida

Silva

Sarmento

2014

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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In recent years, the adverse health effects attributed to air pollution have been a focus of intense study. Exposure to pollutants such as airborne particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) has been associated with increases in morbidity and mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine a correlation between particles (PM10, PM2.5) and O3 with hospital admissions in Setúbal, a densely populated Portuguese urban region that coexists with a heavy industrial area. A database with daily air quality and hospital admission data over 5 years (2005-2009) was assembled and associations were investigated by ordinary least squares linear regression. Results showed positive significant associations between PM10 and respiratory diseases for ages below 14 yr and above 64 yr, and between PM2.5 and respiratory diseases for ages above 64 yr.

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“…8. (Almeida et al, 2012;Moreno et al, 2007). With EF values strongly correlated with each other, Mn, TI, Cu, As, Sn, Zn, Pb, Hg and Ag would have a same major anthropogenic source, which is likely the traffic pollution.…”

Section: Elemental Enrichment Factors and Marker For Ship Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Compliance and port air quality features of ship fuel switching regulation: by a field observation SEISO-Bohai

Zhang

Deng

Man

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Since January 1st, 2017, ships berth at the core ports of three designated Domestic Emission Control Area (DECA) in China should use fuel with sulphur content less than or equal to 0.5&#8201;%. In order to evaluate the impacts of switching fuel, a measurement campaign (SEISO-Bohai) was conducted from 28 December 2016 to 15 January 2017 at JingTang Harbor, an area within the 7th busiest port in the world, including meteorological monitoring, pollutants monitoring, aerosol sampling and fuel sampling. During the campaign, 16 ship plumes were captured by the on-shore measurement sites, and 4 plumes indicates the usage of high SF fuel. The average reduction of average &#916;NOx&#8201;/&#8201;&#916;SO2 ratio from high sulphur plumes (3.26) before January 1st to low sulphur plumes (12.97) after January 1st shows a direct SO2 emission reduction of 75&#8201;%, consistent with the sulphur content reduction (79&#8201;%). Average concentrations of PM2.5, NOx, SO2, O3 and CO during campaign were 147.85&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3, 146.93&#8201;ppb, 21.91&#8201;ppb, 29.68&#8201;ppb and 2.21&#8201;ppm, respectively, among which NOx reached a maximum hourly concentration of 692.6&#8201;ppb and SO2 165.5&#8201;ppb. Mean concentrations of carbonaceous and dominant ionic species in particles were 6.52 (EC), 23.10 (OC), 22.04 (SO42&#8722;), 25.95 (NO3&#8722;) and 13.55 (NH4+)&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3. Although the carbonaceous species in particles were not significantly affected by fuel switching, the gas and particle pollutants in ambient air exhibited clear and effective improvements from implementation of low sulphur fuel. Comparison with the prevailing atmospheric conditions and wind map of SO2 variation concluded the prompt SO2 reduction by 70&#8201;% in ambient air after fuel switching. Given the high humidity in site, this SO2 reduction will abate the amount of secondary aerosols and improve the acidity of particulate matter. Based on enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, vanadium was identified as marker for residual fuel ship emissions, decreasing significantly by 97.1&#8201;% from 309.9&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3 before fuel switching and 9.1&#8201;ng&#8201;m&#8722;3 after, which indicated a crucial improvement due to the implementation of low sulphur fuel. Ship emissions were proven to be significantly influential both directly and indirectly on port environment and coastal areas around Bohai Bay, in where the population density reaches 650 per square kilometre. The results from this study provide positive impact on air quality of fuel switching and indication of new method on identification of ship fuel type.

show abstract

Characterization of dust material emitted during harbour activities by k0-INAA and PIXE

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Compliance and port air quality features with respect to ship fuel switching regulation: a field observation campaign, SEISO-Bohai

Compliance and port air quality features with respect to ship fuel switching regulation: a field observation campaign, SEISO-Bohai

Effects of Exposure to Particles and Ozone on Hospital Admissions for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in SetúBal, Portugal

Compliance and port air quality features of ship fuel switching regulation: by a field observation SEISO-Bohai

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