Characterization of diterpene metabolism in rats with ingestion of seed products from Euphorbia lathyris L. (Semen Euphorbiae and Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum) using UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive MS

Abstract

Previous pharmacological studies have indicated that diterpenoids are the primary effective chemical cluster in the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L. The seed products are used in traditional Chinese medicine in the forms of Semen Euphorbiae (SE) and Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum (SEP). However, the metabolism of the plant's diterpenoids has not been well elucidated, which means that the in vivo metabolite products have not been identified. The current study screened the physiological metabolites of six diterpenes [Euphorbia factor L 1 (L1), L 2 (L2), L 3 (L3), L 7a (L7a), L 7b (L7b), and L 8 (L8)] in feces and urine of rats after oral administration of SE and SEP using UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS. A total of 22 metabolites were detected in feces and 8 in urine, indicating that the major elimination route of diterpenoids is via the colon.Hydrolysis, methylation, and glucuronidation served as the primary metabolic pathways of these diterpenoids. In sum, this study contributed to the elucidation of new metabolites and metabolic pathways of SE and SEP, and the new chemical identities can be used to guide further pharmacokinetic studies.

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling of Euphorbiasteroid in Rats by Integrating UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and NMR as Well as Microbial Biotransformation

“…Therefore, the metabolite M24 was probably formed via the loss of two CH 2 CO and a C 6 H 5 CHCO from the prototype compound euphorbiasteroid. Similar findings have been reported before [32].…”

Investigation of the molecular mechanism of Smilax glabra Roxb. in treating hypertension based on proteomics and bioinformatics

“…After the addition of 500 μL extracting solution (methanol: water = 4:1, v/v), the sample was centrifuged at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 15 min, and 500 μL of the supernatant was passed through a 0.22-μm filter membrane. Chromatographic and mass spectrometry (MS) conditions: ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (Vanquish, Thermo Fisher Scientific) was performed to analyze specimens using a UPLC BEH C18 chromatography column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) based on the mobile phase parameters listed in Supplementary Table SA2 ( Zhang et al, 2022 ). Overall, 5 μL of the sample was injected before adding 0.1% formic acid to mobile phases A and B.…”