Characterization of Distinct Segments in Mouse Satellite DNA by Restriction Nucleases

Hörz, Wolfram; Zachau, Hans G.

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11329.x

Cited by 133 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, a large amount of DNA migrates at the position of undegraded DNA (not shown). This indicates that the cleavage sites for these enzymes are not uniformly distributed across the satellite DNA but instead are clustered on segments as is the case for mouse satellite DNA [5]. That these segments are indeed part of the DNA which gives the endo R .…”

Section: Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The molecular weights of the bands were determined by coelectrophoresis with a partial endo R . EcoRII digest of mouse satellite DNA [5,8]. It was found that the fragments in the middle of the triplets by themselves constituted an arithmetic series of multiples of approximately 215 nucleotide pairs, and that the two adjacent bands in each triplet differed in length from the central one by one-fourth the size of that repeat, i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For restriction endonucleases, digestion conditions, and gel electrophoresis see preceding paper [5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We interpret this to mean that the satellite is heterogeneous also with respect to the distribution of endo R . Bsu cleavage sites and use the term subsegment [5] for the two fractions comprising 90% and 10% of the satellite. By our definition [5] subsegments differ only in the distribution of cleavage sites for one nuclease.…”

Section: Relation Between Guinea Pip Satellite II and 111mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Three Guinea Pig Satellite DNAs by Restriction Nucleases

Altenburger

Hörz

Zachau

1977

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The structures of guinea pig satellite DNAs I, 11, and I11 have been analyzed by digestion with seven restriction nucleases. From the cleavage patterns it is obvious that the long-range periodicities in these three satellites differ rather characteristically.Satellite I is fairly resistant to six nucleases and gives only a number of weak discrete bands which do not show a simple regularity. By the restriction nuclease from Arthrobacter luteus, however, it is cleaved extensively and yields very heterogeneous breakdown products. This is consistent with the high extent of divergence previously found for this satellite, e. g. by sequence analysis.Satellite I1 is almost completely resistant to all nucleases, indicative of a high degree of sequence homogeneity of this satellite.Satellite I11 is completely broken by the restriction nuclease from Bacillus subtilis into fragments which form a novel, highly regular series of bands in gel electrophoresis. The patterns show that the satellite is composed of tandem repeats of approximately 215 nucleotide pairs length, each repeat unit containing two cleavage sites for this nuclease. The data are consistent with the assumption that 30-40% of all cleavage sites have been eliminated by a random process. Satellite I11 DNA yields weak degradation patterns of the same periodicity with a number of other restriction nucleases. Cleavage sites for these nucleases are clustered on separate small segments of the satellite DNA. In this respect, the satellite is similar to others, notably the mouse satellite DNA.The three guinea pig satellites are examples of more general types of satellite structures also found in other organisms. Similarities and differences to other satellites are discussed with special consideration to theories on the evolution of this class of DNA.Guinea pig DNA contains three satellite components which can be separated by density gradient centrifugation [l, 21. We have previously analyzed the digestion patterns of these satellite DNAs with the restriction nuclease endo R . Hind11 and found them to be strikingly different from each other [3]. Since it is interesting to compare the structures of three distinct simple sequence components within the same genome we have extended this work to include a number of other restriction nucleases. The results fully confirm the basic structural differences between the satellite DNAs. In the case of satellite I, they illustrate the high degree of divergence and complement the sequence data [4] and the results of renaturation kinetics [2]. For satellite I11 we had previously found that endo R . Hind11 cleaves a few follows the suggestions of Smith and Nathans [6]. percent of the DNA into a series of fragments which are integral multiples of a unit length piece [3]. We could show now by digestion with endo R . Bsu that this periodicity extends across the entire satellite which makes it quite similar to the mouse satellite DNA [S]. This prompted us to investigate in more detail how far common structural features between the two satel...

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Section: Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For restriction endonucleases, digestion conditions, and gel electrophoresis see preceding paper [5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relation Between Guinea Pip Satellite II and 111mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Three Guinea Pig Satellite DNAs by Restriction Nucleases

Altenburger

Hörz

Zachau

1977

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…Restriction enzymes produce characteristic digestion patterns in satellite DNAs (10). Enzymes whose sites are present in most family members produce an "A" pattern, where most of the satellite DNA is reduced to fragments the length of the repeat unit.…”

Section: Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A convenient method for locating sets of related short sequences in DNA sequences of any length

Salemme

Furano

1984

Nucl Acids Res

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In investigating sequence variants in a family of highly repeated rat DNA, we needed to search the consensus sequence of the repeat unit of this family for short sequences which would become, with one base change, recognition sites for various restriction endonucleases. To do this, we have designed a pair of programs to search DNA sequences of any length for sets of related short sequences, allowing user-specified mismatches in the short sequence. Since putative regulatory regions are generally short sequences, these programs are also useful for locating all possible versions of such sequences in any given DNA. We describe the programs, and present results of searches using the programs.

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Nonlinear Phenomena in the Evolution of Satellite DNA

Stephan

1986

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Satellite DNA forms long clusters of tandemly repeated sequences of 104 to 107 copies, and is found in the chromosomes of all higher organisms. In particular in mammals, satellites comprise anywhere from a few percent (human) to over 50% (kangaroo rat) of total DNA. But a function of these highly abundant, noncoding sequences has not been identified so far, though a great deal of structural information has been gathered in the past 25 years. This paper looks at the structure‐function debate for satellite DNA. The basic question addressed is why are highly repeated sequences of no (obvious) functional significance such as satellite sequences tolerable in millions of copies in the chromosomes of higher organisms. A model is proposed which shows that the accumulation of clustered, highly repeated DNA (HRDNA) can most readily be explained as a result of synergistic effects of the forces of amplification, unequal crossing over and natural selection. Accordingly, satellite DNA clusters may build up only in those regions of the chromosomes where the effectiveness of unequal crossing over—operating as a nonlinear control mechanism and, in doing so, supporting selection—is drastically reduced. This result conforms well to the experimental finding that satellite DNA is located only in the genetically inactive parts of the chromosomes such as centromeres and telomeres, in which recombination is in general severely suppressed.

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Characterization of Distinct Segments in Mouse Satellite DNA by Restriction Nucleases

Cited by 133 publications

References 37 publications

Comparative Analysis of Three Guinea Pig Satellite DNAs by Restriction Nucleases

Comparative Analysis of Three Guinea Pig Satellite DNAs by Restriction Nucleases

A convenient method for locating sets of related short sequences in DNA sequences of any length

Nonlinear Phenomena in the Evolution of Satellite DNA

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