Characterization of dietary protein-dependent amino acid metabolism by linking free amino acids with transcriptional profiles through analysis of correlation

Noguchi, Yasushi; Shikata, Nahoko; Furuhata, Yasufumi; Kimura, Takeshi; Takahashi, Michio

doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2008

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Although hepatic cysteine levels were lower in the LP group, the magnitude of decrease does not appear to be sufficient to cause an induction of 3PGDH. We propose that the induction of 3PGDH gene transcription is mediated by transcriptional factors such as SP1 and NFy as a component of a global stress response (45,(57)(58)(59). Finally, the increase in serine flux was much greater than the decrease in methionine trans-sulfuration pathway, suggesting that the elevated serine levels were primarily the result of increased de novo synthesis rather than a decrease in the utilization of serine for cysteine and taurine production.…”

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confidence: 90%

Metabolic and Genomic Response to Dietary Isocaloric Protein Restriction in the Rat

Kalhan¹,

Uppal²,

Moorman³

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We have examined hepatic, genomic, and metabolic responses to dietary protein restriction in the non-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat. Animals were pair-fed either a 6 or 24% casein-based diet for 7-10 days. At the end of the dietary period, a microarray analysis of the liver was performed, followed by validation of the genes of interest. The rates of appearance of phenylalanine, methionine, serine, and glucose and the contribution of pyruvate to serine and glucose were quantified using tracer methods. Plasma and tissue amino acid levels, enzyme activities, and metabolic intermediates were measured. Protein restriction resulted in significant differential expression of a number of genes involved in cell cycle, cell differentiation, transport, transcription, and metabolic processes. RT-PCR showed that the expression of genes involved in serine biosynthesis and fatty acid oxidation was higher, and those involved in fatty acid synthesis and urea synthesis were lower in the liver of protein-restricted animals. Free serine and glycine levels were higher and taurine levels lower in all tissues examined. Tracer isotope studies showed an ϳ50% increase in serine de novo synthesis. Pyruvate was the primary (ϳ90%) source of serine in both groups. Transmethylation of methionine was significantly higher in the protein-restricted group. This was associated with a higher S-adenosylmethionine/Sadenosylhomocysteine ratio and lower cystathione ␤-synthase and cystathionine ␥-lyase activity. Dietary isocaloric protein restriction results in profound changes in hepatic one-carbon metabolism within a short period. These may be related to high methylation demands placed on the organism and caused by possible changes in cellular osmolarity as a result of the efflux of the intracellular taurine.The metabolic and biochemical impact of qualitative and quantitative changes in dietary protein intake continues to be of interest because of their implications for public health and because of a number of studies showing a strong relationship between protein intake during pregnancy with cardiovascular function, hypertension, and glucose intolerance in the offspring (1-3). Studies in humans, primarily focused on whole body protein, nitrogen metabolism, and protein accretion, show that both high and low protein intake can impact these processes (4 -7). However, how humans adapt to protein deprivation or the biochemical mechanisms involved has not been examined. In the context of pregnancy, both high protein intake (in humans) and protein restriction in rodents have been shown to cause fetal metabolic programming and consequently altered physiological response in the offspring in adulthood (8 -11). In the rodent, dietary protein restriction during pregnancy results in growth retardation, impaired beta cell function and mass, impaired insulin sensitivity, hypertension, and other pathological responses in the offspring (1, 2). These have been associated with a change in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, changes in the renin-angiotensin system, and ...

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confidence: 90%

Metabolic and Genomic Response to Dietary Isocaloric Protein Restriction in the Rat

Kalhan¹,

Uppal²,

Moorman³

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The amino acid concentrations in these filtrates were measured by an automatic amino acid analyzer (L-8800A; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Briefly, amino acids separated by cation exchange chromatography were detected spectrophotometrically after a postcolumn reaction with a ninhydrin reagent (18,24,25). The levels of lysine, serine, threonine, leucine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and valine in soleus muscle were measured independently.…”

Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary wheel running is beneficial to the amino acid profile of lysine-deficient rats

Nagao

Bannai

Seki

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Rats voluntarily run up to a dozen kilometers per night when their cages are equipped with a running wheel. Daily voluntary running is generally thought to enhance protein turnover. Thus, we sought to determine whether running worsens or improves protein degradation caused by a lysine-deficient diet and whether it changes the utilization of free amino acids released by proteolysis. Rats were fed a lysine-deficient diet and were given free access to a running wheel or remained sedentary (control) for 4 wk. Amino acid levels in plasma, muscle, and liver were measured together with plasma insulin levels and tissue weight. The lysine-deficient diet induced anorexia, skeletal muscle loss, and serine and threonine aminoacidemia, and it depleted plasma insulin and essential amino acids in skeletal muscle. Allowing rats to run voluntarily improved these symptoms; thus, voluntary wheel running made the rats less susceptible to dietary lysine deficiency. Amelioration of the declines in muscular leucine and plasma insulin observed in running rats could contribute to protein synthesis together with the enhanced availability of lysine and other essential amino acids in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that voluntary wheel running under lysine-deficient conditions does not enhance protein catabolism; on the contrary, it accelerates protein synthesis and contributes to the maintenance of muscle mass. The intense nocturnal voluntary running that characterizes rodents might be an adaptation of lysine-deficient grain eaters that allows them to maximize opportunities for food acquisition.

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“…In studies on turkeys and pigs, where dietary alteration of amino acid metabolism was induced, plasma concentrations of valine, leucine and isoleucine were altered analogously in response to the applied nutritional manipulations (Tatara et al 2006(Tatara et al , 2008Tatara 2009). The balance between BCAA and aromatic amino acids such as phenylala-nine and tyrosine is known as Fischer's ratio, and is routinely utilised as an important diagnostic marker for monitoring health status and for studying the progression of liver diseases which influence amino acid metabolism (Noguchi et al 2008). In this study, positive correlations between aromatic amino acids were also found in 21 day old sheep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Changes of amino acid concentrations in Polish Merino sheep between 21 and 150 days of life

Tatara¹,

Brodzki²,

Pasternak³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma amino acid profiles and their interrelationships in male Polish Merino sheep at two different stages of their systemic development -at the neonatal monogastric stage and as a fully grown ruminant. Male lambs (n = 12, singles) were kept indoors in pens under standard rearing conditions and weaned at the age of 10 weeks of life. Blood samples were collected on day 21 and 150 of life. Free amino acids were determined in plasma using ion-exchange chromatography. There was a significant reduction in plasma amino acid concentrations between neonatal and functioning ruminants for threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, citrulline, tyrosine, tryptophan, lysine, histidine and arginine. Significant increases in the plasma concentrations of alpha-amino-butyrate and isoleucine were observed in 150 day old lambs. Except for glutamine in 21 day old sheep which was significantly negatively correlated with serine, glutamate, proline and tyrosine concentrations in plasma, the obtained results in younger and older groups of lambs showed 47 and 22 significant positive correlations between the evaluated amino acids. This study shows that decreases in plasma amino acid concentrations in 150 day old sheep with physiologically developed forestomachs are dominant in comparison to 21 day-old animals receiving maternal milk as a basic diet. Our results address the possibility of utilising improved amino acid supply for growing lambs with developed forestomachs.

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Characterization of dietary protein-dependent amino acid metabolism by linking free amino acids with transcriptional profiles through analysis of correlation

Cited by 32 publications

References 55 publications

Metabolic and Genomic Response to Dietary Isocaloric Protein Restriction in the Rat

Metabolic and Genomic Response to Dietary Isocaloric Protein Restriction in the Rat

Voluntary wheel running is beneficial to the amino acid profile of lysine-deficient rats

Changes of amino acid concentrations in Polish Merino sheep between 21 and 150 days of life

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