Characterization of degradation fragments released by arc-induced ablation of polymers in air

Aminlashgari, Nina; Becerra, Marley; Hakkarainen, Minna

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/49/5/055502

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To date, the interactive relationship between arc plasma and gassing materials has been reported at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. From a macroscopic perspective, magnetohydrodynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of gassing materials on the flow of arc plasma [1,4,5], while experimental optical measurements have been used to determine the spatial temperature distribution and composition of ablation-controlled arc plasmas [6][7][8]. From a microscopic perspective, the ejection of spallation particles due to gassing materials ablation has been found to improve the arc quenching capability [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-scale insight into arc plasma radiation-induced gassing materials ablation: photothermal decomposition behavior

Cao,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In this study, we present a novel computational atomistic study of the photothermal decomposition behavior of arc plasma on radiation-induced gassing materials, studying a polyamide 66 (PA66) system using reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics (MD). We determine the infrared (IR) vibrational frequency of the PA66 permanent molecular dipole using MD and then computationally impose an electric field at the same frequency to simulate photothermal decomposition by IR, verifying our observations with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) of experimental decomposition. MD indicates that photothermal decomposition reaction is dominated by either cleavage at low temperature or cyclization at high temperature. At low temperature, initial chain scission takes place at the two amide C-N, and the remaining chains break down into a variety of molecular fragments and free radicals. Further increasing the temperature stabilizes a variety of branched chain structures via cyclization, debranching and polymerization, with further cleavage forming hydrocarbons and volatile small molecule gases. Overall, H2, CO, H2O, alkanes and alkenes are the main gaseous products and cyclic structures (especially nitrogen-containing three-membered ring) are the main solid products during the photothermal decomposition of PA66, and their formation results from a variety of complex chemical reactions. The results of MD cover the experimental observations of GCMS, demonstrating that this computational methodology helps us understand the molecular breakdown mechanisms of arc plasma radiation-induced gassing materials. We also discuss the physical mechanism by which the main gas can accelerate arc quenching, and the importance and necessity of using electric fields to simulate IR photothermal decomposition of arc-induced ablation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-scale insight into arc plasma radiation-induced gassing materials ablation: photothermal decomposition behavior

Cao,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Recent measurements have also shown that radiation is partially scattered by fragments released by arc-induced ablation of polymers [11]. Moreover, it has been shown that large fragments consisting of several monomers are released from the polymer surface [12], which can scatter arc radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical radiative properties of ablating polymers exposed to high-power arc plasmas

Becerra

Pettersson

2018

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The radiative properties of polymers exposed to high-intensity radiation are of importance for the numerical simulation of arc-induced ablation. The paper investigates the optical properties of polymethylmethacrylate PMMA and polyamide PA6 films exposed to high-power arc plasmas, which can cause ablation of the material. A four-flux radiative approximation is first used to estimate absorption and scattering coefficients of the tested materials in the ultraviolet (UV) and in the visible (VIS) ranges from spectrophotometric measurements. The temperature-induced variation of the collimated transmissivity of the polymers is also measured from room temperature to the glass temperature of PMMA and the melting temperature of PA6. Furthermore, band-averaged absorption and scattering coefficients of non-ablating and ablating polymers are estimated from the UV to the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR), covering the range of interest for the simulation of arc-induced ablation. These estimates are obtained from collimated transmissivities measured with an additional in situ photometric system that uses a high-power, transient arc plasma to both illuminate the samples and to induce ablation. It is shown that the increase in the bulk temperature of PA6 leads to a strong reversible increase in collimated transmissivity, significantly reducing the absorption and scattering coefficients of the material. A weaker but opposite effect of temperature on the optical properties is found in PMMA. As a consequence, it is suggested that the absorption coefficient of polymers used for arc-induced ablation estimates should not be taken directly from direct collimated transmissivity measurements at room temperature. The band-averaged radiation measurements also show that the layer of products released by ablation of PMMA produces scattering radiation losses mainly in the VIS–SWIR ranges, which are only a small fraction of the total incident arc radiation. In a similar manner, the ablation layer of PA6 leads to weak absorption radiation losses, although mainly in the UV range.

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“…Laser desorption ionisation‐mass spectrometry is a sensitive qualitative analytical tool that minimises sample preparation and can in some cases enable analysis of small molecules directly on material surfaces overcoming some common challenges with the more established matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry. In previous work we reported a laser desorption ionisation‐mass spectrometry method for analysis of biomedical implant coatings and demonstrated the advantage of this approach for the direct analysis of surface species formed during plasma oxidation without any sample preparation .…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo effects of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A

Erdal

Adolfsson

Lima

et al. 2018

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Characterization of degradation fragments released by arc-induced ablation of polymers in air

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Atomic-scale insight into arc plasma radiation-induced gassing materials ablation: photothermal decomposition behavior

Atomic-scale insight into arc plasma radiation-induced gassing materials ablation: photothermal decomposition behavior

Optical radiative properties of ablating polymers exposed to high-power arc plasmas

In vitro and in vivo effects of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A

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