Characterization of cytotoxicity of airborne particulates from urban areas of Lahore

Ghauri, Badar; Mansha, Muhammad; Khalil, Christian

doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61040-1

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A substantial number of studies on varying spatial and temporal scale at different locations of IGP, i.e. Lahore (Ghauri et al, 2012), Patiala (Mittal et al, 2009), Hisar (Raman et al, 2011), Delhi (Sharma et al, 2014), Varanasi (Murari et al, 2014; and Kolkata (Karar and Gupta, 2007) highlights the presence of quantum of both primary and secondary aerosols. However, for the present analysis, efforts were made to understand the entire spectrum of aerosol from origin to its transport, meteorological interaction and vertical distribution so that a coherent picture may be established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime characteristics of aerosols at middle Indo-Gangetic Plain: Impacts of regional meteorology and long range transport

Kumar

Tiwari

Murari

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime characteristics of aerosols at middle Indo-Gangetic Plain: Impacts of regional meteorology and long range transport

Kumar

Tiwari

Murari

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…The synergistic interaction of the dermal fibroblasts with epidermal keratinocytes in vitro linked by prostaglandin E 2 upregulation has been suggested as an indicator of cellular interactions and their contribution to the overall organ response. 8 The measurement of cell viability and cytotoxicity in skin fibroblasts may also provide useful information on the levels of UVB required to induce damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro UVB induced Cellular Damage Assessment Using Primary Human Skin Derived Fibroblasts

Khalil¹

2015

MOJT

Self Cite

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Nowadays there is a great deal of concern resulting from the impact of UV light on human skin especially when skin damage levels are predicted to rise due to ozone layer depletion. The skin acts as an important biological barrier, and plays an important physiological and immunological role. This study reports the UVB-induced effect on skin derived primary fibroblasts one of the most abundant cells in the dermis. Two time points, immediately and 24 hour post UVB exposure were used to measure the magnitude of UVB-induced cytotoxicity. The induced cell membrane damage was assessed by neutral red (NR) dye uptake while cellular metabolic activity was assessed by the 5-(3-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4.5-dimethylthiazolyl)-3-(4-sulphonyl) (MTS) cytotoxicity assay. A correlation was found between the MTS and neutral red (NR) assay in measuring UVB-induced cellular damage in exposed skin fibroblasts cultures immediately post exposure. These findings indicated that doses higher than 2.2 J/cm 2 were needed for the immediate expression of measurable cell membrane damage by the assays systems used. This should not indicate that no damage is triggered by lower irradiation levels, since our observations 24h post UVB-irradiation of the same cells showed cellular membrane damage for lower doses (0.7J/ cm 2 ) by comparison to immediately post exposure. The assessment of cellular metabolic activity indicated that MTS displayed a higher sensitivity in detecting early cell damage by comparison to the NR assay. The UVB induction follows a dose dependent response, and the cellular damage induced by exposure is best-measured 24h following exposure.

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“…About half of the studies correlate the observed biological effects with the physicochemical properties of the particles. Most often, they concluded that the effects depend on the particle composition (PAH and/or metal content) and also the particle size (e.g., [10,40,50,52,72]). In detail, about a quarter of the authors declared that the PAH content/the organic fraction is responsible for the observed toxic effects (e.g., [9,11,37,88]), and fewer authors correlate the toxic effects with the inorganic water-soluble fraction (e.g., [54,62]), while some authors concluded that both parts attribute to overall toxicity (e.g., [23,71]).…”

Section: Studies' Conclusion On the Potential Of Combustion-derived Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the air to the water phase: implication for toxicity testing of combustion-derived particles

Schmidt

Altenburger

Kühnel

2017

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The biological effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) in humans stimulated many research activities in recent years. One type of particles contributing to PM are those derived from combustion processes. By using in vitro test systems for assessing the toxic effects of those particles, the transfer into liquid media is necessary. Thus the question arises, how the transfer of airborne particles into liquid suspensions should be realized and how the exposure of test organisms/cells to the particles can be done and monitored with regard to concentration and stability. Further, the characterization of the airborne particles regarding their composition seems to be of importance in order to understand the induced biological effects. Hence, this review gathers and evaluates results from in vitro and ecotoxicity studies, where the introduction of airborne particles into liquids is required. The aim was to learn on the current practice and recommend on the design of toxicity studies in the future. In total, about 80 papers were retrieved by literature search that deal with the assessment of biological effects of combustion-derived particles or their constituents. The papers were evaluated in detail with regard to the methodology applied. From this evaluation and based on expert knowledge regarding nanoparticle testing, recommendations for the assessment of PM applying toxicological assays were developed. To provide guidance, essential criteria are developed that should help in preparation, testing, and during the evaluation phase of toxicological assays. We further advise whole particle testing, complemented by testing of particle extracts and washed particles.

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Characterization of cytotoxicity of airborne particulates from urban areas of Lahore

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Wintertime characteristics of aerosols at middle Indo-Gangetic Plain: Impacts of regional meteorology and long range transport

Wintertime characteristics of aerosols at middle Indo-Gangetic Plain: Impacts of regional meteorology and long range transport

In Vitro UVB induced Cellular Damage Assessment Using Primary Human Skin Derived Fibroblasts

From the air to the water phase: implication for toxicity testing of combustion-derived particles

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