Characterization of CuO phase in SnO2–CuO prepared by the modified Pechini method

Abstract

The modified Pechini method has been applied to the preparation of nano-structured SnO 2 and SnO 2 :CuO. The sample characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms (BET). The CuO phase in SnO 2 :CuO samples was successfully characterized by XRD, XPS and IR. The highest degree of crystallinity and subsequently the maximum intensity and area of CuO (002) diffraction peaks were observed for the samples prepared with templates. The morphology and microstructure of the hybrid were studied using SEM. The core level binding energies of Cu 2p, Sn 3d, and O 1s were measured in these samples. The appearance of a satellite peak in the Cu 2p spectra provided definitive evidence for the presence of Cu 2? ions in these samples. The influence of synthesis conditions such as solvent, precursor type, calcinations temperature and time on the detectability of CuO and the morphology and microstructure of the hybrid were also studied. The calcinations conditions had a significant effect on the appearance and intensity of CuO diffraction peaks.

Influence of copper concentration on structural, morphological, and optical properties of tin oxide (Sn 1−x Cu x O 2−δ )

“…Some authors' result is very near to my result (36,37). O 1s peaks are sifted because the polarizability of oxide ion is inverse purposely to O 1s binding energy in the XPS spectra of oxides when increased O 1s binding energy means decreased oxygen ion polarizability and a weak electron donor ability of the oxide ion (37) The average particle size gradually increases from ∼225 nm to 430 nm with increasing the Cu-doping in SnO2. The particle size observed by SEM is a larger value (due to agglomeration of the crystallites) from the XRD data.…”

Synthesis, characterization and morphology of reduced graphene oxide–metal–TCNQ nanocomposites

“…The broadened Cu 2p peaks can be mathematically resolved into two peaks separated by approximately 2 eV, with the lower energy one being assigned to Cu 0/+ and the higher one to Cu 2+ . 73,75,76 The relative Cu 2+ content estimated from analysis in the particular case shown in the inset in Fig. 8B is $88%, so there is only a small contribution from Cu 0 and/or Cu + .…”

“…Major peaks arising from the 2p 1/2 and 2p 3/2 electrons, located at 955.2 and 935.5 eV, respectively, are observed, with intense shakeup satellites, on the higher binding energy sides of the 2p peaks, characteristic of an open 3d 9 shell of Cu 2+ species. [72][73][74][75] Shoulders at 953.0 and 933.2 eV are also present on the Cu 2p peaks.…”

Convenient architectures of Cu2O/SnO2 type II p–n heterojunctions and their application in visible light catalytic degradation of rhodamine B

“…This could be either due to very low content or the amorphous nature of copper oxide species that may have been dispersed uniformly inside the SnO 2 nanospheres. 27 Beyond mole ratio of 0.125 : 1, presence of Cu 2 O peaks becomes discernable. The XRD pattern of Cu 2 O/SnO 2 nanocomposite in 1 : 1 mole ratio (Fig.…”