Characterization of compost produced from separated pig manure and a variety of bulking agents at low initial C/N ratios

Nolan, Tereza; Troy, Shane M.; Healy, Mark G.; Kwapiński, Witold; Leahy, James J.; Lawlor, Peadar G.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.066

Cited by 124 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The final pH values decreased to 7.80 and 7.70 in SM-RS and DM-RS piles, respectively, possibly due to microbial nitrification (Nolan et al, 2011). The pH variation profiles in both piles are similar to Zhu (2007) and Li et al (2008) who did co-composting of animal manure and rice straw.…”

Section: Changes Of Temperature Ph and Moisturementioning

confidence: 54%

“…Besides, various composting systems add some difficulty in this understanding, probably resulting in the complexity of compost maturity evaluation system (Gao et al, 2010). Bernal et al (2009) and Nolan et al (2011) pointed out that compost maturity couldn't be well described by a single property or parameter. In China, the standards for composts lay stress on the physical and chemical parameters like pH, moisture, total nitrogen (TN) and OM without biological or agronomical parameters being considered, resulting in a less comprehensive and systematical assessment with respect to the maturity of composts and a potential risk of land application of unstable and immature composts (Gao et al, 2010).…”

Section: China Pollution Source Census Issued By the Ministry Of Envimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system

et al. 2014

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Abstract:Composting is considered to be the primary treatment method for livestock manure and rice straw, and high degree of maturity is the principal requirement for safe land application of composting product. In this study pilot-scale experiments were carried out to characterize the co-composting of livestock manure and rice straw, as well as to establish a maturity evaluation index system for the composts obtained.Two pilot composting piles with different feedstocks were conducted for 3 months: (1) swine manure and rice straw (SM-RS); and (2) dairy manure and rice straw (DM-RS).During the composting process, parameters including temperature, moisture, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), different forms of nitrogen (total, ammonia and nitrate), and humification index (humic acid and fulvic acid) were monitored in addition to germination index (GI), plant growth index (PGI) and Solvita maturity index. OM loss followed the first-order kinetics equation in both piles, and slightly higher OM mineralization rate was achieved in SM-RS pile. Also, SM-RS pile exhibited slightly better performance than DM-RS from the evolutions of temperature, OM degradation, GI and PGI. The C/N ratio, GI and PGI could be included in the maturity evaluation index system in which GI > 120% and PGI >1.00 signal mature co-composts.

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Section: Changes Of Temperature Ph and Moisturementioning

confidence: 54%

Section: China Pollution Source Census Issued By the Ministry Of Envimentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system

et al. 2014

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“…The introduction of sawdust induced a higher biodegradability of the initial mixture than corn stalk and spent mushroom compost. Woody materials have a high content of ligin, which is extremely resistant to chemical and enzymatic degradation (Nolan et al, 2011). Michel et al (2004) and Hao et al (2004) found a lower decomposition of the compost substrate when using bulking materials rich in lignin (woodchip and sawdust) compared to composting with straw, which had a lower lignin content.…”

Section: Carbon and Nitrogen Balance During Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case even for its mechanically separated solid fraction (Imbeah, 1998). Therefore, the addition of a bulking agent is necessary to compost the separated solid fraction of pig manure (Nolan et al, 2011). A bulking agent is the material that adjusts the C/N ratio, provides optimum free air space (FAS), and regulates the water content of the waste to be composted (Gea et al, 2007;Kato and Miura, 2008;Iqbal et al, 2010;Jolanun and Towprayoon, 2010;Doublet et al, 2011), which are usually fibrous with carbonaceous material (Iqbal et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of bulking agents on CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions during rapid composting of pig manure from the Chinese Ganqinfen system

Sun

Lu²,

Jiang

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Mismanagement of the composting process can result in emissions of CH 4 , N 2 O, and NH 3 , which have caused severe environmental problems. This study was aimed at determining whether CH 4 , N 2 O, and NH 3 emissions from composting are affected by bulking agents during rapid composting of pig manure from the Chinese Ganqinfen system. Three bulking agents, corn stalks, spent mushroom compost, and sawdust, were used in composting with pig manure in 60 L reactors with forced aeration for more than a month. Gas emissions were measured continuously, and detailed gas emission patterns were obtained. Concentrations of NH 3 and N 2 O from the composting pig manure mixed with corn stalks or sawdust were higher than those from the spent mushroom compost treatment, especially the sawdust treatment, which had the highest total nitrogen loss among the three runs. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH 3 , which accounts for 11.16% to 35.69% of the initial nitrogen. One-way analysis of variance for NH 3 emission showed no significant differences between the corn stalk and sawdust treatments, but a significant difference was noted between the spent mushroom compost and sawdust treatments. The introduction of sawdust reduced CH 4 emission more than the corn stalks and spent mushroom compost. However, there were no significant differences among the three runs for total carbon loss. All treatments were matured after 30 d.

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“…However, loss of other nutrients in this study were generally lower than in other studies, perhaps due to the low initial C/N ratio (Tables 1 and 2; Tiquia et al, 2002)). Nolan et al (2011) found that the C/N ratio did not change significantly when sawdust and woodchips were used as bulking material and suggested that the lignin in the woody materials is more resistant to degradation. Research has also shown that decomposition and nitrogen release may be lower when woodchips are used as amendment rather than sawdust (Sharifi et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Characterization Of Composted Materials: Nutrient Carbon Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of turning frequency and season on composting materials from swine high-rise facilities

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tComposting swine slurries has several advantages, liquid slurries are converted to solids at lower moisture, the total volume and weight of material is reduced and the stabilized product is more easily transported off-site. Despite this, swine waste is generally stored, treated and applied in its liquid form. High-rise finishing facilities (HRFF) permit liquid slurries to be converted to solids which are partially decomposed underneath the HRFF and then finished in compost windrows. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of turning frequency and ambient weather conditions on biological, physical and chemical properties of composted slurry-woodchip mixtures from HRFF. Compost trials were conducted in either fall (FT) or spring (ST) and piles were turned once or three times per week or upon compost temperature reaching 65°C. Physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics were measured over the course of 112 (FT) or 143 (ST) days of composting. Total carbon, total nitrogen (N) and inorganic N decreased in all piles. Ammonium decreased while nitrate increased in all piles (including unturned), but total N losses were greatest in piles turned more frequently during the ST. Microbial populations of nitrifiers were dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (3.0 Â 10 3 -4.2 Â 10 6 cells g À1 compost) but ammonia oxidizing bacteria (below detection to 6.0 Â 10 5 cells g À1 compost) varied in response to turning and compost temperature; denitrifiers were present in high concentrations throughout the process. Swine HRFF materials composted well in windrows regardless of turning frequency and despite significant differences in starting materials and low initial C/N. Volume reduction, low moisture and low readily degradable organic matter suggest that the finished compost would have lower transportation costs and should provide value as a soil conditioner. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Characterization of compost produced from separated pig manure and a variety of bulking agents at low initial C/N ratios

Cited by 124 publications

References 22 publications

Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system

Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system

Influence of bulking agents on CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions during rapid composting of pig manure from the Chinese Ganqinfen system

Effect of turning frequency and season on composting materials from swine high-rise facilities

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