Characterization of Community Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infection in Beijing: High Prevalence of PVL+ ST398

Zhao, Chunjiang; Liu, Yingmei; Ming-ze, Zhao; Liu, Yali; Yu, Yong; Chen, Hongbin; Sun, Qiuning; Chen, Huawei; Liu, Yudong; Han, Shao-mei; Xu, Yingchun; Chen, Minjun; Cao, Bin; Wang, Hui

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038577

Cited by 96 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The isolated SA strains were detected using the oxacillin MIC method and mecA and femB duplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) (Sun et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012). The duplex PCR conditions consisted of 94°C for 4 min, 30 cycles of 94°C for 45 s, 50°C for 45 s, and 72°C for 60 s, and a final step at 72°C for 2 min.…”

Section: Mrsa Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCCmecA typing, staphylococcal protein A (SPA) typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed using PCR according to the literature (Rodríguez-Baño et al, 2009;Escobar et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012). The seven housekeeping genes for MLST amplification were arc (673 bp), aroe (568 bp), glpf (635 bp), gmk (548 bp), pta (584 bp), tpi (512 bp), and yqil (654 bp).…”

Section: Ca-sa Molecular Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virulence-related genes encoding PVL, TSST-1, SEC, SEH, and ET were amplified using PCR based on methods provided in the literature (Chen et al, 2009;Kaltsas et al, 2011;Khokhlova et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012). The target genes were 433 bp for PVL, 350 bp for TSST-1, 257 bp for SEC, 375 bp for SEH, and 119 bp for ET.…”

Section: Virulence-related Gene Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common pathogenic bacterium that leads to hospitalacquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) infections mainly including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) (DeLeo et al, 2010;Mithoe et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012) and severe fatal diseases such as endocarditis, necrotic pneumonia, severe bacteremia, and toxic shock syndrome. CA-SA is the primary pathogenic bacterium of SSTIs treated in emergency departments (Chen et al, 2010;DeLeo et al, 2010;Mithoe et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CA-SA is the primary pathogenic bacterium of SSTIs treated in emergency departments (Chen et al, 2010;DeLeo et al, 2010;Mithoe et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012). Although HA-SA has been extensively investigated (Liu et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2010;Mithoe et al, 2012), studies on CA-SA, particularly CA-SA-caused SSTIs in adults, are rare (Wu et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2012). Some researchers have hypothesized that methicillinresistant SA (MRSA) is caused by the transfer of Staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) to methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA) (Lindsay and Holden, 2006;Pandian et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Epidemiological investigation of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection

Zhou¹,

Zhang²,

Yu³

2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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Section: Mrsa Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ca-sa Molecular Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virulence-related Gene Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Epidemiological investigation of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection

Zhou¹,

Zhang²,

Yu³

2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Anatomical Localization, Epidemiology, Therapy and Potential Prophylaxis

Olaniyi¹,

Pozzi²,

Grimaldi

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide. They range in severity from minor, self-limiting, superficial infections to life-threatening diseases requiring all the resources of modern medicine. Community (CA) and healthcare (HA) acquired SSTIs are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus . They have variable presentations ranging from impetigo and folliculitis to surgical site infections (SSIs). Superficial SSTIs may lead to even more invasive infections such as bacteraemia and osteomyelitis. Here we describe the anatomical localization of the different SSTI associated with S. aureus, the virulence factors known to play a role in these infections, and their current epidemiology. Current prevention and treatment strategies are also discussed. Global epidemiological data show increasing incidence and severity of SSTIs in association with methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). CA-SSTIs are usually less morbid compared to other invasive infections caused by S. aureus, but they have become the most prevalent, requiring a great number of medical interventions, extensive antibiotic use, and therefore a high cost burden. Recurrence of SSTIs is common after initial successful treatment, and decolonization strategies have not been effective in reducing recurrence. Furthermore, decolonization approaches may be contributing to the selection and maintenance of multi-drug resistant strains. Clinical studies from the early 1900s and novel autovaccination approaches suggest an alternative strategy with potential effectiveness: using vaccines to control S. aureus cutaneous infections.

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Vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus and Target Populations

Pozzi¹,

Olaniyi²,

Liljeroos³

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Staphylococcus aureus is a leading pathogen in surgical site, intensive care unit, and skin infections, as well as healthcare-associated pneumonias. These infections are associated with an enormous burden of morbidity, mortality, and increase of hospital length of stay and patient cost. S. aureus is impressively fast in acquiring antibiotic resistance, and multidrug-resistant strains are a serious threat to human health. Due to resistance or insufficient effectiveness, antibiotics and bundle measures leave a tremendous unmet medical need worldwide. There are no licensed vaccines on the market despite the significant efforts done by public and private initiatives. Indeed, vaccines tested in clinical trials in the last two decades have failed to show efficacy. However, they targeted single antigens and contained no adjuvants and efficacy trials were performed in severely ill subjects. Herein, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of potential target populations for efficacy trials taking into account key factors such as population size, incidence of S. aureus infection, disease outcome, primary endpoints, as well as practical advantages and disadvantages. We describe the whole-blood assay as a potential surrogate of protection, and we show the link between phase III clinical trial data of failed vaccines with their preclinical observations. Finally, we give our perspective on how new vaccine formulations and clinical development approaches may lead to successful S. aureus vaccines.

show abstract

Characterization of Community Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infection in Beijing: High Prevalence of PVL+ ST398

Cited by 96 publications

References 23 publications

Epidemiological investigation of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection

Epidemiological investigation of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection

Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Anatomical Localization, Epidemiology, Therapy and Potential Prophylaxis

Vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus and Target Populations

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