Characterization of Cold-Pressed Key and Persian Lime Oils by Gas Chromatography, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and Physicochemical Indices

Dugo, Paola; Mondello, Luigi; Lamonica, G.; Dugo, Giovanni

doi:10.1021/jf960932f

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Because of differences in the volatility of the compounds, the indices were derived from retention data obtained in two temperature programs. Table 1 The EI-MS spectra of the coumarins is very characteristic of this type of compound, and the fragments presented here are consistent with those found in the literature (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The molecular ions [M +• ] obtained are always present, usually at high intensities.…”

Section: Identification Of Coumarins and Furoquinolone Alkaloidssupporting

confidence: 88%

Identification of Ruta graveolens L. Metabolites Accumulated in the Presence of Abiotic Elicitors

Orlita¹,

Sidwa-Gorycka²,

Kumirska³

et al. 2008

Biotechnol. Prog.

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The study aimed to elucidate the effects of benzothiadiazole (BTH) and saccharin on the biosynthesis of simple coumarins, linear furanocoumarins, dihydrofuranocoumarins, and furoquinolone alkaloids in shoots of R. graVeolens cultivated in vitro. The biosynthesized metabolites were analyzed and identified by GC-MS and by comparison of Kovats indices. Eight coumarin metabolites were identified: bergapten, chalepin, isopimpinelin, pinnarin, psoralen, rutacultin, rutamarin, and xanthotoxin, and also four alkaloids: dictamnine, γ-fagarine, skimmianine, and kokusaginine. Each of the tested BTH concentrations induced a significant production of furanocoumarins and furoquinolone alkaloids. The use of saccharin also increased the production of bergapten, isopimpinelin, pinnarin, psoralen, and xanthotoxin several times. IntroductionThe in vitro culture of R. graVeolens is a useful biotechnological source of biologically active linear furanocoumarins and furoquinolone alkaloids. Linear furanocoumarins, particularly xanthotoxin, bergapten, and isopimpinelin, have been applied in the treatment of skin diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation (e.g., psoriasis, mycosis fungoides) or in pigmentation disorders (e.g., vitiligo) (1) and also in neurology (the symptomatic treatment of demyelinating diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis) (2). In addition, alkaloids like dictamnine and methoxydictamnine from R. graVeolens tissues are wellknown antimicrobial factors (3). Apart from their antibiotic effect, furoquinolone alkaloids appear to have a spasmolytic effect (4). The biological effects of furanocoumarins and furoquinolone alkaloids makes them attractive for pharmaceutical uses, hence the considerable interest shown in their availability and sources. However, the commercial production of secondary metabolites is usually limited by their low yield. Elicitation has therefore become an extensively used tool for enhancing secondary metabolites: it is an integral part of any large-scale process for secondary metabolite production.The mechanisms of action of biotic and abiotic elicitors are thought to be different; they are complex, and many hypotheses have been set up in this regard. Moreover, since little is known about the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites, the effect of an elicitor on a plant cell or tissue culture is not easily predictable; the majority of elicitation approaches are therefore empirical (5). The search for elicitors is of the utmost importance in order to obtain the most effective biotechnological system for producing the required metabolites. The objective of our study was to elucidate the effects of saccharin, as well as benzothiadiazole (BTH, benzo(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid S-methyl ester) on the biosynthesis of simple coumarins, linear furanocoumarins, dihydrofuranocoumarins, simple coumarins, and furoquinolone alkaloids in shoots of R. graVeolens cultivated in vitro.Benzothiadiazole is the main component of the BION preparation (6, 7). Chemically, it is a functional...

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Section: Identification Of Coumarins and Furoquinolone Alkaloidssupporting

confidence: 88%

Identification of Ruta graveolens L. Metabolites Accumulated in the Presence of Abiotic Elicitors

Orlita¹,

Sidwa-Gorycka²,

Kumirska³

et al. 2008

Biotechnol. Prog.

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“…Peel: essential oil (sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [␣-santalene, ␥-curcumene, ␤-selinene and germacrenes A, B, C, D], monoterpene hydrocarbons (sabinene, ␥-pinene, limonene), monoterpene alcohols (linalool, terpinen-4-ol, ␣-terpineol), ␥-terpinene, esters, monoterpene aldehydes, aliphatic aldehydes, pectinesterase (Syamsuhidayat and Hutapea, 1991;Dugo et al, 1997;Limyati and Juniar, 1998;Mondello et al, 1998;Contreras-Esquivel et al, 1999;Feger et al, 2000). Pulp: sucrose, protein components (Echeverría, 1992;Gharagozloo and Ghaderi, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the Mediterranean region

Arias

Ramón-Laca

2005

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

152

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“…The content of limonene was 71%, higher than that in the lime cold-pressed oils reported in the reviews by Shaw and Boelens (47-65%), 5,6 as well as in the cases of other lime varieties like Key or Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia Swingle) ¾49.4% and Persian or Bears lime (C. latifolia Tanaka) cold-pressed oils (51.6-59.8%). 26 The lime in our experiment might be a lemon lime or a lime of Rangpur. The limonene content was considerably lower than that in Vietnamese pummelo, orange and tangerine oils here analysed.…”

Section: Limementioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils

Tú

Thanh

Une

et al. 2002

Flavour & Fragrance J

109

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The compositions of Vietnamese pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck), orange (C. sinensis Osbeck), tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco var. tangerine) and lime (C. limonia Osbeck) peel oil samples have been investigated by GC and GC-MS. The essential oils were extracted by the cold-pressing method. Hydrocarbons, followed by aldehydes and alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all four kinds of samples. Their percentages, respectively, were >98.7%, >97.6%, >98.6% and >95.4% in hydrocarbons; >0.3%, 0.4%, >0.3% and 1.1% in total aldehydes; 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.7% in alcohols. In Vietnamese pummelo oil, -terpinene was not detected, while terpinolene was detected in small amounts and nootkatone only at a level of <0.05%. Orange oil composition was comparable to that of other sweet orange oils. υ-3-Carene was detected at a level of 0.1%. Tangerine oil is easily distinguished from other citrus oils by its content of various aliphatic aldehydes. Lime oil presented a very different composition from the other oils studied. Its limonene content was substantially lower than that of pummelo, orange and tangerine oils, whereas -terpinene,ˇ-pinene and˛-pinene occurred in higher proportions, moreover, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction of this oil is qualitatively more complex and quantitatively more abundant than in the other oils.

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Characterization of Cold-Pressed Key and Persian Lime Oils by Gas Chromatography, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and Physicochemical Indices

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Identification of Ruta graveolens L. Metabolites Accumulated in the Presence of Abiotic Elicitors

Identification of Ruta graveolens L. Metabolites Accumulated in the Presence of Abiotic Elicitors

Pharmacological properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the Mediterranean region

Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils

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