Characterization of coal-based fulvic acid and the construction of a fulvic acid molecular model

Gong, Guanqun; Yuan, Xin; Zhang, Yingjie; Li, Yajun; Liu, Weixin; Wang, Ming; Zhao, Yuemin; Xu, Liangwei

doi:10.1039/c9ra09907g

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…HMA are pronounced capacity to cause antioxidant and antiradical effects [9]. HA has been found to have critical applications in many fields such as agriculture, ecological restoration, environmental protection, animal husbandry and aquaculture, veterinary medicine, human medicine [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. HAs have a positive effect on the increase in total immunoglobulin and the functioning of the body [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties

Anielak

Kłeczek

2022

Materials

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Fulvic acids, alpha (α) humic acids and hymatomelanic acids were extracted digested sludge in two Cracow sewage treatment plants: Kujawy and Płaszów. Their elemental composition was examined and micropollution and ash content were determined. Based on the IR and UV-VIS spectrum, their similarities were determined with the occurring interactions with micropollution. Strong correlations between the acids coming from different sources depend on acid type and micropollution accompanying them, depending on concentration, influences to a specific extent their IR and UV-VIS spectra. Absorption analysis in infrared constitutes a simple method for characterizing fulvic and humic acids from wastewater treatment plants. The extracted fulvic acids were characterized by moderate maturity, while humus acids were well developed. In the fermentation process, the N bond increases together with the level of humification of the humus acid. The characteristics of the extracted humus acids comply with other humic substances presented in the literature. Quantitative analysis showed that digested sludge contains, on average: FA from 5.07 to 5.30 g/kg dry matter, αHA from 59.22 to 74.72 g/kg dry matter, HMA from 20.31 to 43.66 g/kg dry matter. It was thus demonstrated that wastewater treatment, in particular digested sludge, constitutes an attractive source of humus acids with a wide range of applications in numerous areas, such as agriculture, ecological rehabilitation, environmental protection, animal breeding, aquaculture, veterinary as well as medicine and is a precious source of soil fertilizers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties

Anielak

Kłeczek

2022

Materials

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“…Fulvic acid (FA) is the most important component of humic acid (HA), 1 containing the most oxygen-containing functional groups and the lowest molecular weight. 2,3 It has good water solubility and is easily absorbed by plants. 4 It also has higher physiological activity than the other HA components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of fulvic acid by citric acid–ethanol method and its biochemical activity

Gong

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND With the widespread application of fulvic acid (FA) in agriculture, improving the industrial yield of FA has become an urgent priority. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore efficient and clean process conditions for the factory production of FA from low‐rank coal, as undertaken in this study. Additionally, an in‐depth study of the biological activity of FA was performed to provide a theoretical reference for its practical application. RESULTS Results showed that, when the reaction temperature was 70 °C, the ratio of citric acid to coal was 0.03:1, the ratio of liquid to solid was 10:1 and the concentration of ethanol was 15%, the average yield of FA was about 80‰. Seed soaking with FA promoted seed germination and improved seedling quality. As the concentration of FA for seed soaking increased, the germination potential, amount of reduced tetrazole and root length were reduced, but the relative electrical conductivity and chlorophyll content were increased. CONCLUSION Coal‐based FA was effectively extracted by the citric acid–ethanol method and the yield of FA was relatively high under the optimum conditions. The treatment of cucumber seeds and seedlings with different concentrations of FA effectively promoted seed germination and seedling growth. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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“…A number of features reinforce the application of HSs in various industries: agriculture, aquaculture, environmental protection and engineering, medicine, ecological restoration and animal husbandry (Gong, Yuan, Zhang, Li, Liu, Wang, Zhao and Xu, 2020). The properties and structure of HSs depend on their origin and conditions of extraction; however, the average properties of HSs samples from different sources are remarkably similar (Weber, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic substances and significance of their application – a review

Kłeczek

Anielak

2021

Technical Transactions

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This paper is based on recent articles regarding applications of humic substances (HSs). HSs are natural organic materials, which have a number of potential applications. Furthermore, HSs are cheap, widespread and obtainable from bio-waste materials. HSs can be used as organic compound sorbents or in detoxification. They are applied as organic additives due to their positive effect on soil and plants, even under stress conditions. HSs reduce water consumption and minimise environmental problems. HSs are utilised for the remediation of multi-metal contaminated soils and as substitutes for synthetic washing agents. From an environmental engineering point of view, it is beneficial to remove HSs from municipal management, where they are undesirable (by-products of disinfection) and to utilise them where they are valuable. The aim of this article is to provide a greater insight into research about the applications of HSs.

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Characterization of coal-based fulvic acid and the construction of a fulvic acid molecular model

Abstract: Fulvic acid (FA) is composed of many molecular units with similar characteristic structures. The characterization and molecular model construction of coal-based FA is the key for the scientific basis and applied science of FA.

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties

Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties

Extraction of fulvic acid by citric acid–ethanol method and its biochemical activity

Humic substances and significance of their application – a review

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