Characterization of co-purified acellular pertussis vaccines

Abstract

These authors contributed equally to this work.Keyword: Co-purified acellular pertussis vaccines, immune responses, protection, proteomic analysis Abbreviations: WPVs, whole-cell pertussis vaccines; APVs, acellular pertussis vaccines; PT, pertussis toxin; FHA, filamentous hemagglutinin; 2-DE, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis; PRN, pertactin; FIM, fimbriae; BipA, putative outer membrane ligand binding protein; Sbp, sulfate-binding protein precursor; sphB1, autotransporter subtilisin-like protease; bvg, Bordetella virulence regulon; SHD, single human doseWhole-cell pertussis vaccines (WPVs) have been completely replaced by the co-purified acellular vaccines (APVs) in China. To date few laboratory studies were reported for co-purified APVs in terms of their antigenic composition and protective immune responses. To further understand the antigenic composition in co-purified APVs, in the present study 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic technology was used to analyze the composition of copurified APVs. The results showed that besides the main antigens pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), co-purified APVs also contained pertactin (PRN), fimbriae (FIM) 2and3 and other minor protein antigens. Of the 9 proteins identified, 3 were differentially presented in products from manufacturer 1 and manufacturer 2. Compared with WPVs and purified APVs, co-purified APVs induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response with more toward to a Th1 response than the purified APVs in this study. These results hint that different immune mechanisms might be involved in protection induced by co-purified and purified APVs.

The epidemic of erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis with limited genome variation associated with pertussis resurgence in China

“…B. pertussis strains in lineage V, the China endemic lineage, were estimated to start the divergence about 50 years ago (Figure 2). However, the lineage only accelerated the divergence with the emergence of sub-lineages Va, Vb, and Vc about 12 years ago (12 years for Va, 11 yrs for Vb and Vc, Figure 2), which occurred after the introduction and universal administration of ACVs in China (Figure 3) [22][23][24][25][26][27]. Consistent with previous studies, our result suggested that different lineages may have different mutation rates [10,13].…”

“…ACVs could be produced with two different techniques: co-purification or separated purification. A few countries adopt co-purified ACVs (cp-ACVs) for the national immunization program, one of which is China [22]. In the cp-ACVs, individual antigen concentrations are not defined and the antigens are usually expressed as total protein nitrogen content [29].…”

The global prevalence ptxP3 lineage of Bordetella pertussis was rare in young Children with the Co-purified aPV vaccination: a 5 years retrospective study

“…The co-purified aPVs have more protein antigen than purified aPVs [14]. Therefore, this study further supported the hypothesis that the small antigen targets of purified aPV could induce the vaccine pressure and vaccine adaption more easily than the more antigen targets vaccine, such as wPV, even the co-purified aPV [15].…”

Variation in Bordetella pertussis Susceptibility to Erythromycin and Virulence-Related Genotype Changes in China (1970-2014)

“…In China, pertussis primary immunization using the whole cell pertussis vaccine (WPV) was introduced in the 1960s. Since 2013, the acellular pertussis vaccine (APV) had fully replaced the use of WPV throughout the country [ 25 ]. The immunization program recommended three doses of diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine to be given at 3, 4 and 5 months of age and a booster dose given at 18–24 months of age.…”