Characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus DNA that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle

Noteborn, Mathieu H. M.; Boer, G. F. de; Roozelaar, D J van; Karreman, Christiaan; Kranenburg, Onno; Vos, Johannes G.; Jeurissen, S.H.M.; Hoeben, Rob C.; Zantema, A.; Koch, G.

doi:10.1128/jvi.65.6.3131-3139.1991

Cited by 245 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although important criteria in the characterisation and eventual classification of n e w viruses, genomic size and structure are only t w o of many characteristics which need to be evaluated. There is growing evidence to suggest that PCV and CAV can be further distinguished with regard to genome organization a n d expression (MANKERTZ e t al., 1993;MEEHAN et al, 1992;NOTEBORN et al, 1991NOTEBORN et al, , 1992. These results and the results presented in this paper should contribute to a better understanding of the properties of PCV and CAV a n d aid eventual classification of these viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Some Biological and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Porcine Circovirus

Allan

Phenix

Todd

et al. 1994

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Some important biological and physico-chemical characteristics of porcine circovirus are reported. These include a study on the host distribution in nature, levels of colostrum-derived antibodies in piglets from sero-positive sows and the susceptibility of a range of cell cultures to infection with this virus. The results of haemagglutination studies, resistance to p H 3, chloroform and heat are also reported as are comparative buoyant densities and sedimentation coefficients of porcine circovirus and chicken anaemia virus.US. Copyright ~Iearancr Ccntei Code ~tarement: 0931 -1793/94/4101 -0017$10.00/0 18 ALLAN, PHENIX, TODD and MCNULTY Material and Methods VirusesA PCV-persistently infected continuous pig kidney cell line (PK/15/W) was used to prepare a pool of PCV. This cell line was grown and maintained on Eagle's minimal essential medium with Earl's salts (Gibco, Scotland) supplemented with 10 % foetal calf serum (FCS) (MEM-E-G) and subcultured twice weekly. Semi-confluent monolayers were treated with 300 mM d-glucosamine in Hanks basal salt solution for 60 minutes at 37 "C one day after seeding. After subsequent incubation in MEM-E-G for 24 h at 37 "C and a further 3 days incubation at the same temperature in growth medium without FCS, the cell cultures were subjected to 3 freeze/thaw cycles and then sonicated. The resulting cell lysate was centrifuged at 10,000 g for 30 min and the supernatant removed and centrifuged again at 70,000 g for 4 h. The resulting virus pellet was resuspended in a small volume of 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2) (PBS) and the infectivity titre calculated by titration in cicovirus-free PK/15 cells (PK/15/H). Endpoints were read by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), after the method of TISCHER et al. (1982), using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to PCV and the virus titre calculated to be 1060 TCID,,O.I ml.An aliquot of this partially purified PCV preparation was further processed by equilibrium sucrose gradient centrifugation, as described for the purification of CAV . Fractions from this gradient containing peak amounts of virus, as determined by ELISA (ALLAN et al., 1994) and infectivity were pooled, diluted 1/100 in 0.001 M EDTA, 0.01 M Tris-HCI (pH 8.7) (TE), centrifuged at 70,000 g for 4 h and the resulting virus pellet resuspended in a small volume of TE. The infectivity titre of this preparation (PCV-S) was calculated to be lo6., TCID,,/O.l ml. This preparation was used for selected studies described below.Semi-purified CAV was prepared using the method of TODD et al. (1990). Briefly, cell lysates of CAV-infected MDCC-MSB1 cells were sonicated and treated with 0.5 % SDS for 30 min at 37 "C. Following partial purification by differential centrifugation and equilibrium sucrose density gradient centrifugation, fractions containing peak amounts of virus, identified by ELISA, were pooled and used for further studies.Pools of pig parvovirus (PPV) and Aujeszkys disease virus (ADV) were grown in PCV-free primary pig kidney cell cultures. These cultures and virus pools were p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Some Biological and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Porcine Circovirus

Allan

Phenix

Todd

et al. 1994

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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“…TTV resembles most closely the chicken anemia virus (CAV) of the circoviridae family. CAV is highly speci®c for the bone marrow and thymus and can be cultured only in actively proliferating lymphoid and hematopoietic cell lines [Noteborn et al, 1991]. Apart from the liver tropism that has been suggested [Nishizawa et al, 1997;Okamoto et al, 1998], PBMCs and bone marrow hematopoietic cells have been the two suspected sites of TTV replication [Kanda et al, 1999;Okamura et al, 1999;Okamoto et al, 1999a;Kikuchi et al, 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent detection of the replicative form of TT virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow cells in cancer patients

Zhong

Park

Tang

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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The TT virus (TTV), a member of a family of human viruses related to the circoviridae viruses, was associated initially with acute and chronic liver diseases. TTV consists of a single-stranded, circular DNA genome of 3.8 kilobases (kb) and at least three open reading frames (ORFs). The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not TTV replicated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs). DNA was extracted from the PBMCs or BMCs of 153 cancer patients and from the PBMCs of 50 healthy blood donors (the controls). By using a single round of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TTV was detected in 98.6% (141 of 143) of the PBMCs and in 90% (9 of 10) of the BMCs from cancer patients. TTV DNA was detected in significantly fewer control subjects at 86% (43 of 50; P < 0.05). Strand-specific PCR (SSPCR) targeting the ORF2 of the common genotypes of TTV was developed specifically to detect TTV positive or negative strand DNA and to examine TTV replication. TTV positive strand DNA, which may be an intermediate of viral replication, was detected in 55.3% (78 of 141) of the TTV-infected PBMCs of the cancer patients and in 7% (3 of 43) of the controls (P < 0.001). The replicative form of TTV was also detectable in 55.6% (5 of 9) of the TTV-infected BMCs. The existence of double-strand (positive and negative strands) TTV DNA in PBMCs and BMCs of the cancer patients was also supported by the finding that TTV DNA extracted from these cells was resistant to S1 nuclease. Using in situ hybridization, TTV DNA was also demonstrated to be present in the nucleus of PBMCs. It is concluded that replicative intermediate forms of TTV DNA are present in both PBMCs and BMCs, indicating that blood cells may be a site of TTV replication.

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“…Chen (Chen et al 1986, Cihak et al 1988, Sowder et al 1988); anti-CD8 and anti-CD4, which were gifts from Dr T.F. Davison; CVI-ChT-74.1 (histologically characterized as specific for T cells, Noteborn et al 1991, but shown to react positively with COS cells transfected with CD8 plasmid clone; pers. comm.…”

Section: Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ characterization of leucocyte subpopulations after infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens

Vervelde¹,

Vermeulen²,

Jeurissen³

1996

Parasite Immunology

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We characterized the leucocyte subpopulations after infection with Eimeria tenella in both naive and immune chickens. Immunocytochemical staining was used to characterize the cells in situ, so that the interaction between host and parasite could be studied. More leucocytes were detected in the lamina propria of immune chickens, and leucocytes infiltrated the ceca more rapidly than in naive chickens, but the infiltration was less pronounced than in naive chickens. In naive chickens, most infiltrated leucocytes were macrophages and T cells. Two days after inoculation the number of CD4+ cells had increased greatly. In immune chickens, mainly T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) infiltrated the lamina propria, and in contrast to naive chickens, the number of CD8+ cells exceeded the number of CD4+ cells. Furthermore, we characterized which cells contained a parasite and which cells were detected next to the parasites, because these cells are probably involved in the arrested development of the parasites. In naive chickens, sporozoites were significantly more often located within or next to macrophages than in immune chickens. In immune chickens, sporozoites were significantly more often located within or next to CD3+, CD8+, and TCR2+ cells. In conclusion, the marked increase of CD4+ cells after primary infection suggests that these cells are involved in the induction of the immune response, whereas the increase of CD8+ cells after challenge infection suggests that these cells act as effector cells.

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Characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus DNA that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle

Cited by 245 publications

References 42 publications

Some Biological and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Porcine Circovirus

Some Biological and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Porcine Circovirus

Frequent detection of the replicative form of TT virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow cells in cancer patients

In situ characterization of leucocyte subpopulations after infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens

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