Characterization of cis-elements mediating the stimulation of glucose-6-phosphate transporter promoter activity by glucocorticoids

Dual regulation of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) by the glucocorticoid receptor and the PI3-kinase/AKT pathways in multiple myeloma

“…The progesterone receptor, which shares a consensus DNA binding sequence with the GR, has been reported to cooperate with FOXO1 and bind adjacent on the promoter of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP1) [46,47]. Additionally, binding sites for both GR and FOXO1 exist in the glucocorticoid response element of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter gene promoter where both proteins cooperate to activate its transcription [48].…”

Thyroid hormone receptor β1 gene expression is increased by Dexamethasone at transcriptional level in rat liver

“…Instead, GRE half-sites seem to require additional elements to mediate a glucocorticoid response (Bristeau et al, 2001;Faust et al, 1996). A class of glucocorticoid response elements known as ''composite GREs'' or glucocorticoid response units ''GRUs'' has been proposed (Lamas et al, 1997;Kallwellis-Opara et al, 2003). Promoter analysis of Dex-regulated genes in lymphoid cell systems studied by microarray assays by Thompson et al (2004) revealed that only a minority of these genes contained a classic palindrome response element for GR (classic GRE).…”

Anti-inflammatory functions of glucocorticoid-induced genes

“…Such interactions may be particularly significant to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, where GCs and insulin have opposing actions. Glucose 6 phosphatase (Nakae et al, 2001) pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Furuyama et al, 2003;Kwon et al, 2004), glucose 6 phosphate transporter (Kallwellis-Opara et al, 2003) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (Yeagley et al, 2001) are cooperatively regulated by GR and FoxO transcription factors. Insulin causes inactivation of FoxOs via Akt-mediated phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing GC-induced gene expression.…”

“…Composite GC responsive regions have been described in the promoters of tyrosine aminotransferase (Grange et al, 2001;Grange et al, 1989;Roux et al, 1995;Sassi et al, 1998) proliferin (Diamond et al, 1990), α1-acid glycoprotein (Alam et al, 1993;Nishio et al, 1993;Savoldi et al, 1997), the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 waf1/cip1 Cram et al, 1998), β1-adrenergic receptor (Tseng et al, 2001), glucose-6-phosphate transporter (Kallwellis-Opara et al, 2003), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Kwon et al, 2004), monoamine oxidase (Manoli et al, 2005;Ou et al, 2006), β-casein (Rosen et al, 1998;Wyszomierski and Rosen, 2001) and others.…”