Characterization of Chrysophyllum albidum and Anacardium occidentale gums as wet and dry binders in ciprofloxacin tablets

Abstract

This study aimed to extract gums from Chrysophyllum albidum (CAG) fruit and Anacardium occidentale (AOG) bark tears; and characterize them as wet and dry binders in tablets. AOG and CAG were extracted using old and modified protocols respectively. CAG, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and gelatin (GTN) were used in wet granulation (wG), while CAG, AOG, pregelatinized starch (PGS) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were used in direct compression (dC). Granules and powder blends were evaluated for flowability, while tablets underwent standard quality assessment to characterize and compare CAG and AOG to standard binders. CAG yield was influenced by anti-solvent and procedure used. Ethanol precipitated more gum than acetone; slurry from mixture of exocarp and mesocarp gave lower gum yield than mesocarp alone. On flowability, granules formulated with CAG flowed better than those containing PVP or GTN. Ciprofloxacinexcipients blends exhibited poor flow but can be rank in order of performance: PGS>AOG>CAG>HPMC. wG tablets possessed excellent mechanical properties, with binder efficiency ranked as: CAG>PVP>GTN. dC tablets had acceptable mechanical properties (CAG at concentrations ≥ 6%, AOG at ≥ 2%). drug release from wG with CAG or PVP at 1-2% was ≥ 80% in 30 min, but CAG significantly (p<0.05) reduced release at 3-4%, while GTN did at 2-4%. dC tablets (CAG or PGS) released ≥ 80% drug in 30 min. AOG imparted slow release, while HPMC allowed much slower release. CAG and AOG have good binder efficiencies, thus useable at low concentrations as wet and dry binders to produce tablets with acceptable pharmaceutical characteristics.

African Star Apple: Potentials and Application of Some Indigenous Species in Nigeria

“…The gum was thereafter dried and ground to fine powder for storage. Okoye and Ndiwe (2016) compared the quantity of gum obtained from the solution of the exocarp and mesocarp and that of the mesocarp alone while also comparing the effect of solvent used on the amount of gum precipitated from both the exocarp and mesocarp and mesocarp alone. The yield of the gum from the exocarp and mesocarp together was lower to that obtained from the mesocarp alone.…”

“…A similar study by Okoye and Ndiwe (2016) compared the performance of the pulp gum and cashew gum as binder on ciprofloxacin tablets. The study revealed that the gums are viable binders in pharmaceutical applications but the mechanical properties of the tablets were only comparable at 6% and 2% concentration respectively.…”

Calcium Chloride Efficacy on Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Count of Chrysophyllum albidum- Linn Fruit during Storage

“…{African star apple (ASA)} is an angiosperm in the Sapotaceae family and Ebernales order (Ibrahim et al, 2017). When unripe, the fruit is dark green, but as it ripens, it turns a yellowishorange tint, and when overripe, it turns into rusty orange color (Okoye and Ndiwe, 2016). C. albidum fruit has a high economic value due to its many industrial, medical, and food applications (Abolaji and Adiaha, 2015).…”

“…Despite the widespread eating of this wild fruit and its significant contribution to Nigerians' nutritional intake, the palatability of fresh C. albidum fruits can only last a few days before it loses its aroma, color, flavor, and appearance (Iro and Ezejindu, 2017). During the ripening season of the fruit, poor storage of C. albidum fruits frequently results in a lot of waste (Okoye and Ndiwe, 2016). The browning in the head region (stem end) of C. albidum fruits could extend into the edible pulp, resulting in a loss of firmness and bursting of the fruits (Sunmonu et al, 2017).…”

Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Matrix Tablets: Effect of Drug-Polymer Ratio

“…The gum extracted from the fruit had been characterized and used as binder and suspending agent. [12][13][14][15][16] In this present work, the effect of drug-polymer ratio on the mechanical properties and release profile of ciprofloxacin tablets using Chrysophyllum albidum gum, xanthan gum and HPMC (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) of varied ratio was studied.…”