Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy

Kowalczuk, Piotr; Stoń-Egiert, Joanna; Cooper, William J.; Whitehead, Robert F.; Durako, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.03.002

Cited by 128 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…are used as a proxy of FDOM concentration. A percentile contribution of the main FDOM fluorophores, calculated as the ratio of the respective peak intensity (A, C, M or T ) to the sum (A + C + M + T ) of all peak intensities, gives information about the relative changes of a fluorophore composition in a sample (Kowalczuk et al, 2005;. The fluorescence intensities ratio (M + T ) / (A + C) allows the assessment of the relative contribution of dissolved organic matter recently produced in situ, (M + T ), to humic substance characterized by highly complex high molecular weighted (HMW) structures (A + C) (Parlanti et al, 2000;.…”

Section: Fluorescence Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on organic matter fractions in the surface microlayer in the Baltic Sea by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The fluorescence and absorption measurements of the samples collected from a surface microlayer (SML) and a subsurface layer (SS), at a depth of 1 m, were studied during three research cruises in the Baltic Sea along with hydrophysical studies and meteorological observations. Several absorption (E 2 : E 3 , S, S R ) and fluorescence (fluorescence intensities at Coble classified peaks: A, C, M, T the ratio (M + T ) / (A + C) , HIX (humification index)) indices of colored and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (CDOM and FDOM) helped to describe the changes in molecular size and weight as well as in composition of organic matter. The investigation allowed the assessment of a decrease in the contribution of two terrestrial components (A and C) with increasing salinity (∼ 1.64 and ∼ 1.89 % in the SML and ∼ 0.78 and ∼ 0.71 % in the SS, respectively) and an increase in components produced in situ (M and T ) with salinity (∼ 0.52 and ∼ 2.83 % in the SML and ∼ 0.98 and ∼ 1.87 % in the SS, respectively). Hence, a component T reveals the biggest relative changes along the transect from the Vistula River outlet to Gdansk Deep, in both the SML and SS, although an increase was higher in the SML than in the SS (∼ 18.5 and ∼ 12.3 %, respectively). The ratio E 2 : E 3 points to greater changes in the molecular weight of CDOM affected by a higher rate of photobleaching in the SML. The HIX index reflects a more advanced stage of humification and condensation processes in the SS. Finally, the results reveal a higher rate of degradation processes occurring in the SML than in the SS. Thus, the specific physical properties of surface active organic molecules (surfactants) may modify, in a specific way, the solar light spectrum entering the sea and a penetration depth of the solar radiation. Research on the influence of surfactants on the physical processes linked to the sea surface becomes an important task, especially in coastal waters and in the vicinity of the river mouths.

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Section: Fluorescence Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on organic matter fractions in the surface microlayer in the Baltic Sea by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods

et al. 2017

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“…It is presumed that perceived color of seawater in the NWES is strongly driven by CDOM and SPM although chl-a plays a seasonal and local role for example in the Central North Sea [32][33][34][35]. In situ station (blue dots) sampling was done in the German Bight (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), North Sea (9-26), Inner Seas (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), Irish Sea (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43), and Celtic Sea (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60). Region naming is based on maps from The Germany Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency [34] and International Hydrographic Organization [35].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These seawater constituents are also known as color producing agents (CPAs). As CPAs are optically active seawater constituents their IOPs can be correlated to or influenced by seawater physical properties, such as salinity, temperature, and water transparency [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CDOM, also known as Gelbstoff, gilvin, or yellow substance is the optically active fraction of dissolved organic material (<0.2 µm) in seawater, which originates from plant and animal decay either from terrestrial or marine environments [2,4]. Its light absorption coefficient decays almost exponentially, from high absorption coefficients in the ultra-violet to close to zero towards red spectral range [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical, Bio-Optical State and Correlations in North–Western European Shelf Seas

2014

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Abstract:Color of seawater has become an integral tool in understanding surface marine ecosystems and processes. In this paper we seek to assess the correlations and consequently the potential of using shipborne remote sensing products to infer marine environmental parameters. Typical seawater parameters are chlorophyll-a (chl-a), colored dissolved organic material (CDOM), suspended particulate material (SPM), Secchi-disk depth (SDD), temperature, and salinity. These parameters and radiometric quantities were observed from a total of 60 stations covering German Bight, North Sea, Inner Seas, Irish Sea, and Celtic Sea. Bio-optical models developed in this study were used to predict the in situ measured parameters, with low mean unbiased percent differences and absolute percent difference less than 35%. Our investigations show that the use of ocean color products namely the Forel-Ule Index to infer seawater parameters is encouraging. The constrained spatial and temporal span of measured in situ parameters does limit the accuracy of our models. Absorption coefficients of the main color producing agents CDOM, chl-a, and inorganic fraction of SPM (iSPM) were determined to estimate absorption budgets. During the field campaign, iSPM was the primary light absorber over the spectral range (400-700 nm) although variabilities were observed in the regional seas.

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“…Range of variability of the spectral slope S 300-600 , coefficients of light absorption by CDOM for wavelengths λ = 375 and 400 nm (a CDOM (375) and a CDOM (400)), and concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), calculated for the empirical data. Kowalczuk et al, 2006) and logarithmic (Kowalczuk et al, 2005b) functional types were used to model this relationship. For consistency with Kowalczuk (2001), we used the loglinear fit to describe the relationship between a CDOM (400) and S. The distribution of the spectral slope as a function of the CDOM absorption coefficient in the Baltic Sea (black dots) and Pomeranian lakes (green dots) is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes

et al. 2016

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Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimating the absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter a CDOM (λ). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006-2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three lakes in Pomerania (Poland) -Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. The variability range of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 400 nm, a CDOM (400), lay within 0.15-8.85 m −1 . The variability in a CDOM (λ) was parameterized with respect to the variability over 3 orders of magnitude in the chlorophyll a concentration Chl a (0.7-119 mg m −3 ). The chlorophyll a concentration and a CDOM (400) were correlated, and a statistically significant, nonlinear empirical relationship between these parameters was derived (R 2 = 0.83). On the basis of the covariance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled us to design the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the complete CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The input variable in the first model was the chlorophyll a concentration, and in the second one it was a CDOM (400). Both models were fitted to a power function, and a second-order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for these formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals. Both approximations reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with a low level of uncertainty. Comparison of these approximations with other models of light absorption by CDOM demonstrated that our parameterizations were superior (bias from −1.45 to 62 %, RSME from 22 to 220 %) for estimating CDOM absorption in the optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes.

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Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy

Cited by 128 publications

References 47 publications

Study on organic matter fractions in the surface microlayer in the Baltic Sea by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods

Study on organic matter fractions in the surface microlayer in the Baltic Sea by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods

Physical, Bio-Optical State and Correlations in North–Western European Shelf Seas

Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes

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