Characterization of Chitin Extracted from Waste Sources via XRD, FTIR, and TGA Techniques

Abstract

This work presents the chitin preparation from waste sources, the chitin powders were successfully extracted from shrimp shell, crab shell and squid pen. To prepare chitin powders, all raw materials were washed and grounded using agate mortar, which the particle size of powder is 212–250 μm. Then, the powdered materials were immersed into solution of chloroform and methanol (with 2:1 ratio) at room temperature for removing fat. The deprotienation and decarbonation, the samples were immersed in 50 wt% of NaOH solution for 24 h and in 4 wt% of HCl for 1 h, respectively. The XRD, FT-IR and TGA techniques were used to indicate the different characteristic between α-chitin and β-chitin prepare.

Investigation on thermo-mechanical characteristics of treated/untreated Portunus sanguinolentus shell powder-based jute fabrics reinforced epoxy composites

“…The next corresponding peaks at 1645 cm -1 and 1629 cm -1 represents the presence of amide groups of chitin polysaccharides [24]. The next intensity peaks at 1399 cm -1 and 1397 cm -1 corresponds to the asymmetric stretching and vibrations of C = O, which attributes to the presence of CaCO 3 [21,25]. A strong asymmetric stretching of C-N-C is observed at the regions of 1014 cm -1 and 1029 cm -1 [25].…”

“…In order to eliminate the fat content, sieved shell powders were treated with a solution of chloroform and methanol (ratio 2:1) at room temperature for 1 h. Followed by deproteination by immersing in 5 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution for 24 h and then decarbonization of the samples was done using 4 wt% of hydro chloric acid solution for 1 h. Deacetylation was done with 50% sodium hydroxide solution at 100 C for 4 h to get chitosan-based shell powder. At last, filtration was done to remove the solution and dried at normal environmental conditions to get desired treated powder filler, the percentage of chemicals was considered as per the literature findings [20,21]. The photographic images of untreated Portunus sanguinolentus shell powder, Treated Portunus sanguinolentus shell powder and Biwoven Jute fiber mat (fabrics) are shown in Figure 2(a) to (c) and SEM image of treated Portunus sanguinolentus shell powder is shown in Figure 2 the treated Portunus sanguinolentus shell powder which has a rough surface since it is treated with chemicals thereby removing protein and other organic matters from its surface.…”

Development and Performance Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Crab Shell Powder Based Brake Pads for Automotive Applications

“…It was then filtrated and dried at room temperature to get the final powder. Thus, the complete crab shell powder was successfully processed without any organic compounds, with the help of chemical reagents [16].…”

“…Decomposition mainly occurs in three different stages in chemically processed CBS. In the first phase, at 100-250°C, the degradation of protein traces and moisture from the crab shell surface occur, followed by the degradation of the saccharide structure of the molecule at 250-360°C [16,21]. This includes the dehydration of saccharide rings, polymerisation and decomposition of the acetylated and deacetylated units of chitin biopolymeric fibres.…”

“…This stage has more weight loss due to the different structures of α & β chitin. At a range of 600-750°C, the weight loss is mainly due to CaCO3, which is a major constituent and some other minerals present in the minimum percentage in the composition [16,21].…”