Characterization of children submitted to cardiac surgery that developed surgical site infection

Abstract

Objective: Characterize the clinical and surgical profile of children undergoing cardiac surgery who developed surgical site infection in a public hospital in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Methods: Descriptive research with a quantitative approach, developed in a pediatric cardiology unit, with data collected from April to June 2018. The study sample consisted of 26 children with surgical wound infection in the year 2017. Results: There were none gender prevalence; the weight range varied from 3 to 6 kg (42.3%) and neonates had a prevalence of 38%. Corrective surgeries represented 88% of the total; the surgical time varied from 2 to 6 hours (38%); 70% of the children were submitted to cardiopulmonary bypass with the predominant time of 90 to 120 minutes (27%); the diagnosis of infection was made between 4 and 6 days after the procedure. There was prophylactic antibiotic coverage in 88% and skin preparation in 92% of children. Conclusion: Characterizing the clinical-surgical profile of children undergoing cardiac surgery becomes essential for decision-making in the care processes of nurses, emphasizing the findings as a basis for the development of strategies for the prevention of surgical site infection in this clientele.

Prevalence of complicated surgical wounds and related factors among adults hospitalized in public hospitals

“…It may even compromise surgery outcomes and entail further interventions. Thus, prevention and early detection are essential (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)12,17) .…”

“…The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association defines this diagnosis as damage to mucous membranes and cornea, integumentary system, muscle fascia, muscle, tendon, bone, cartilage, joint capsule and/or ligament that requires specific care for the individual, aiming at efficient healing (18) . Thus, the attributions of specialized nursing and advanced practice nursing include epidemiological characterization and factor identification associated with the prevalence of complicated surgical wounds since they provide data for care management and preventive measure implementation aiming at patient safety (17) .…”

Prevalência de ferida operatória complicada e fatores associados em adultos internados em hospitais públicos

“…Além disso, gera dor, sofrimento, ansiedade, aumento da estadia hospitalar, do tempo de assistência de enfermagem e do uso de medicamentos, incrementando os custos globais do tratamento, impactando o sistema de saúde e prolongando a volta do paciente para seu ofício e rotina. Em alguns casos, pode até comprometer o resultado do procedimento cirúrgico, sendo necessárias novas intervenções; por esses motivos, sua prevenção e detecção precoce são essenciais (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)12,17) .…”

“…A North American Nursing Diagnosis Association -NANDA define esse diagnóstico como o dano em membranas mucosas e córnea, sistema tegumentar, fáscia muscular, músculo, tendão, osso, cartilagem, cápsula articular e/ou ligamento que demanda cuidados específicos com o indivíduo, visando à cicatrização eficiente (18) . Em consequência, caracterização epidemiológica e identificação dos fatores associados à prevalência da ferida operatória complicada fazem parte das atribuições da enfermagem especializada e de prática avançada, pois contribuem com dados para o gerenciamento do cuidado e para a implementação de medidas preventivas, visando a segurança do paciente (17) .…”