Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Produced by Acid-Hydrolysis from Sugarcane Bagasse as Agro-Waste

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is abundantly available agro-waste world-wide and has been used in different applications and its utilization as a source of cellulose attracting attention in the area of biomedical and other applications. The present study investigates the surface morphology, topography, structural, elemental and thermal properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted by acid-hydrolysis from sugarcane bagasse as agro-waste. Morphological (field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)), structural (fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD)), elemental analysis (energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDX)) and thermal characterization (TG-DTG-DTA) of CNCs was carried out. Morphological characterization clearly showed the formation of rodshaped CNCs having size in the range of 250-480 nm (length) and 20-60 nm (diameter). Elemental analysis (EDX) showed 0.72 wt% sulfur impurity in CNCs along with other main components. X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis revealed that CNCs have higher crystallinity (72.5%) than that of chemically purified cellulose (CPC) (63.5%) but have lower thermal stability. These lab extracted CNCs supposed to have a high potential as nanoreinforcement into bionanocomposite for biomedical and other value-added products in industrial applications.

Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils and TEMPO-mediated Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Cellulose Nanofibril Composites

“…Figure 10 shows the TGA and DTG curves for the CNFs, TOCNFs, and respective PVDF composites, with detailed parameters summarized in Table 2. Generally, the thermal degradation of cellulose involves three steps: dehydration, depolymerization and destruction of glycosidic bonds [66]. CNFs undergo a one-step degradation with T 50% ~ 337 °C and the maximum rate of mass loss occurring at T p1 ~ 329 °C.…”

“…The thermal degradation of TOCNFs is a multistep degradation process, with both T 10% and T p1 occurring at approximately ~ 90–100 °C lower than the thermal degradation of CNFs. The lower thermal stability of TOCNFs is attributed to the increase in amorphous content, smaller size and introduction of carboxyl groups on the CNF surface [66,67]…”

Synthesis of phosphoric acid-treated sugarcane bagasse cellulose nanocrystal and its thermal properties enhancement for poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

“…The 3337–3341 cm −1 peaks showed O–H stretching intramolecular hydrogen bonds for cellulose I and 2891–2922 cm −1 was due to the symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching of CH 2 and CH. 21,22,23 In addition, the peak at the range of 897–899 cm −1 associated with the β-glycosidic linkages between glucose units in cellulose was found gradually increasing in both cellulose and nanocellulose. 24 However, all samples except SBF have the peak value at 1643 cm −1 .…”

Ekstraksi Dan Karakterisasi Mikroselulosa Dari Rumput Laut Coklat Sargassum Sp. Sebagai Bahan Penguat Bioplastik Film

“…Selulosa dapat diekstrak dari berbagai sumber biomassa seperti serat tebu, serat kelapa sawit, serat rami, batang jagung, atau limbah kayu dengan metode kimia yaitu hidrolisis asam dan metode mekanik seperti dispersi tekanan tinggi, pengadukan, dan ultrasonikasi (Lee et al 2019). Hidrolisis dengan menggunakan asam sulfat menghasilkan nanoselulosa dengan tingkat kristal 72% sampai 76% (Wulandari, Rochliadi, and Arcana 2016;Kumar et al 2014). Selulosa dari serat pelepah kelapa sawit yang mengandung 32,2% selulosa, 31,6% hemiselulosa dan 23,9% lignin dapat dimurnikan dengan proses alkalinisasi dengan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) menghasilkan selulosa dengan kemurnian 81,1% (Chieng et al 2017).…”

“…Pada penelitian ini dipilih proses hidrolisis menggunakan asam sulfat karena sudah dibuktikan lebih efisien oleh beberapa peneliti untuk menghasilkan nanoselulosa. Kumar et al, 2014 telah berhasil mendapatkan nanoselulosa dalam ampas tebu dengan proses hidrolisis menggunakan larutan 64 % w/w H2SO4 (Kumar et al 2014). Begitu juga Huang et al, 2017 juga sukses menghasilkan nanoselulosa dari batang jagung yang dihidrolisis di dalam 60 wt % H2SO4 (Huang et al 2017).…”