Characterization of cDNAs of the human pregnancy-specific .beta.1-glycoprotein family, a new subfamily of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily

Qx, Zheng; La, Tease; Wl, Shupert; Chan, Wai‐Yee

doi:10.1021/bi00463a030

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…A recent report by Zheng et al (1990) indicates that our PSGlO cDNA is virtually identical in sequence with their hPSl2 cDNA, and their finding of the corresponding mRNA ADDED IN PROOF in placenta is consistent with the results reported here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of two new members of the pregnancy-specific .beta.1-glycoprotein family from the myeloid cell line KG-1 and suggestion of two distinct classes of transcription unit

Barnett¹,

Pickle²,

Elting³

1990

Biochemistry

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Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins (PSGs) represent a large group (approximately 12-15) of proteins, related to members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, that are abundant in placental tissue and in the sera of pregnant women. We describe the isolation and characterization of two additional PSG cDNAs, PSG9 and PSG10, whose transcripts are largely expressed in placental tissue and to a lesser extent in some other cell types, including myeloid cells differentiated to granulocytes. PSG9 and PSG10 are representatives of two distinct classes of PSG protein that have N-termini with or without the Arg-Gly-Asp motif implicated in adhesion. In addition to this distinction at the amino acid level, our analysis of several PSG cDNAs suggests that the transcription units encoding these proteins may be further distinguished in their 3' untranslated sequences, thus suggesting possibilities for transcriptional regulation of the two major protein classes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of two new members of the pregnancy-specific .beta.1-glycoprotein family from the myeloid cell line KG-1 and suggestion of two distinct classes of transcription unit

Barnett¹,

Pickle²,

Elting³

1990

Biochemistry

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“…Sequence analysis from nucleotides -150 to -124 between members of the PSG family showed that the 27-bp sequence reported here is very similar to those of other PSG 5' flanking regions (e.g. PSG12 and PSG3) [34, 361. In addition, the farthest 5' transcription start site described for PSGl [13] is also located within the 27-bp sequence. Some TATA-box-less genes initiate their transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator elements which are often located overlapping the cap site [17], though the positions of the initiator elements are not necessarily fixed and may be found distal to the initiation site [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Cis ‐Acting and Trans ‐Acting Elements that are Crucial to Sustain Pregnancy‐Specific Glycoprotein Gene Expression in Different Cell Types

Koritschoner

Panzetta-Dutari

Bocco

et al. 1996

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Pregnancy-specific p, glycoprotein genes (PSG) are mainly expressed during human placental development, though their expression has been reported in other normal and pathological tissues, e.g. hydatidiform mole (HM), of distinct origins. However, the molecular components implicated in the regulation of PSG are not well understood. To identify some of the regulatory elements involved in the transcriptional control of PSG expression, the DNA-protein interactions and the basal activities of the TATA-box-less PSGS promoter were determined in different tissues and cell types. In DNAse-I protection assays, DNAbinding proteins from human term placenta (HTP) protected a region of 27 bp located from nucleotides -150 to -124, overlapping the farthest 5' upstream cap site and resembling an initiator-like element. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), three complexes were detected using nuclear extracts from HTP and an oligonucleotide containing the 27-bp motif. In situ ultraviolet crosslinking analysis of the specific complexes revealed that two proteins of 78.0 kDa and 53.0 kDa are involved in such interactions, in accordance with the bands of 80.0 kDa and 57.5 kDa observed by Southwestern blotting. Competitive EMSA using mutant oligonucleotides with the substitution of S'ACCCAT3' by S'GATATC3' within the 27-bp motif revealed that this sequence is fundamental for the formation of the specific DNA-protein complexes. We show in transient transfection experiments performed in HeLa, COS-7 and JEG-3 cells, that such mutation completely abolished the transcriptional activity of the PSGS promoter, independently of the cell type.Moreover, this mutation disrupted the formation of the specific DNA-protein complexes which were essentially the same as those displayed by HTP. We also determined the binding activities of nucleoproteins derived from placental tissues in earlier developmental and pathological stages, i.e. first trimester placenta (1-TRIM) and HM, respectively, showing that the DNA-binding patterns were different from each other and distinct from those elicited by HTP. Our results indicate that the cis-acting and trunsacting elements analyzed are indispensable to support PSG5 promoter activity in cell lines which do or do not produce PSG. In addition, these elements appear to play a role in the mechanisms involved in PSG basal expression during placental development and differentiation.Keywords: placenta; pregnancy-specific glycoprotein ; basal transcription ; TATA-box-less promoter; initiator-like element.The human pregnancy-specific / 3, glycoproteins (PSG) comprise a family of polymorphic polypeptides of unknown functions that are synthesized by placental trophoblasts and encoded by at least 11 distinct genes [l]. The PSGs are predominantly produced with increasing rate during placental development and released into the maternal circulation. All of the reported PSG transcripts are present in the human term placenta (HTP), however, their expression has been demonstrated in other normal and pathological tissue...

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“…FL17b PSG4 (57), hPS133', PSG9 (PS,,) (63,103) PSG5 (61), PSPG HL (clone 12-2) (60) FL-NCA-3 (55) PSpG HL (clone 22) (60) hsCGM3 (42). FL26b, PSGGB (69) PSG6 (57) hPS12 (58), PSGlO(103) PSG7 (61)a.b.d CGM35 (59), PSG8' hTSl (1 18) PS34 (222), PSPC-Ge, PSPG B (37), PSG7 (223) hPS2 (58), hPS91' 11' 18' PSG14b been determined so far with some certainty, i.e., through comparison of the N-terminal domain sequences. For PSG 12 and PSGl3, this information is lacking as sequence data only exists from internal domains for these genes.…”

Section: Size Of the Human Cea Gene Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: Molecular biology and clinical perspectives

Thompson

Fritz

Zimmermann

1991

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

557

389

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The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin supergene family and can be divided into two main subgroups based on sequence comparisons. In humans it is clustered on the long arm of chromosome 19 and consists of approximately 20 genes. The CEA subgroup genes code for CEA and its classical crossreacting antigens, which are mainly membrane-bound, whereas the other subgroup genes encode the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG), which are secreted. Splice variants of individual genes and differential post-translational modifications of the resulting proteins, e.g., by glycosylation, indicate a high complexity in the number of putative CEA-related molecules. So far, only a limited number of CEArelated antigens in humans have been unequivocally assigned to a specific gene.Rodent CEA-related genes reveal a high sequence divergence and, in part, a completely different domain organization than the human CEA gene family, making it difficult to determine individual gene counterparts. However, rodent CEA-related genes can be assigned to human subgroups based on similarity of expression patterns, which is characteristic for the subgroups. Various functions have been determined for members of the CEA subgroup in vitro, including cell adhesion, bacterial binding, an accessory role for collagen binding or ecto-ATPases activity.Based on all that is known so far on its biology, the clinical outlook for the CEA family has been reassessed.

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Characterization of cDNAs of the human pregnancy-specific .beta.1-glycoprotein family, a new subfamily of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Characterization of two new members of the pregnancy-specific .beta.1-glycoprotein family from the myeloid cell line KG-1 and suggestion of two distinct classes of transcription unit

Characterization of two new members of the pregnancy-specific .beta.1-glycoprotein family from the myeloid cell line KG-1 and suggestion of two distinct classes of transcription unit

Analyses of Cis ‐Acting and Trans ‐Acting Elements that are Crucial to Sustain Pregnancy‐Specific Glycoprotein Gene Expression in Different Cell Types

Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: Molecular biology and clinical perspectives

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