Characterization of cartilage metabolic response to static and dynamic stress using a mechanical explant test system

Torzilli, Peter A.; Grigiene, Rita; Huang, Charles Lung-Cheng; Friedman, Steven; Doty, Stephen B.; Boskey, Adele L.; Lust, George

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(96)00117-0

Cited by 135 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[5][6][7][8][9]13,[15][16][17][18][19][20] Variations in the proteoglycan content of cartilage in different sites have been shown in both animal and human studies. 18,[21][22][23] These considered the absolute concentration of proteoglycan in cartilage without relating it to chondrocyte density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Since cartilage is aneural and avascular, 4 chondrocytes lack the ability to respond to neural or immune stimuli, although various environmental factors and substances may influence their metabolism including interleukins, soluble drugs and growth factors, matrix molecules, hydrostatic pressure and mechanical load. [5][6][7][8][9] The proteoglycan content of articular cartilage determines its resilience to compression and its viscoelastic properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topographical variation in glycosaminoglycan content in human articular cartilage

Rogers

Murphy

Cannon

et al. 2006

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

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The weight-bearing status of articular cartilage has been shown to affect its biochemical composition. We have investigated the topographical variation of sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) relative to the DNA content of the chondrocyte in human distal femoral articular cartilage.Paired specimens of distal femoral articular cartilage, from weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing regions, were obtained from 13 patients undergoing above-knee amputation. After papain enzyme digestion, spectrophotometric GAG and fluorometric DNA assays assessed the biochemical composition of the samples. The results were analysed using a paired t-test.Although there were no significant differences in cell density between the regions, the weight-bearing areas showed a significantly higher concentration of GAG relative to DNA when compared with non-weight-bearing areas (p = 0.02).We conclude that chondrocytes are sensitive to their mechanical environment, and that local loading conditions influence the metabolism of the cells and hence the biochemical structure of the tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical variation in glycosaminoglycan content in human articular cartilage

Rogers

Murphy

Cannon

et al. 2006

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

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“…The equilibrium aggregate moduli of full-thickness cartilage samples were determined by confined compression tests using a custom-designed, computer-automated soft tissue tester as previously described [12,14,60,61]. Confined compression testing was used to assess the biomechanical function of the transplanted cartilage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equilibrium aggregate modulus of the specimens was determined using a five-step stress relaxation test after removal from the subchondral bone. Specimens were immersed in a PBS solution with protease inhibitors (Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, MO) and tested using the custom-designed biomechanical test apparatus previously described [12,14,61]. Specimens were compressed using a 5-mm diameter nonporous indenter with 25-lm predisplacement to ensure uniform initial contact with the indenter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Properties of Fresh Cold-stored Allografts for Osteochondral Defects at 1 Year

Ranawat

Vidal

Chen

et al. 2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Little is known about the long-term properties of fresh cold-stored osteochondral allograft tissue. We hypothesized fresh cold-stored tissue would yield superior material properties in an in vivo ovine model compared to those using freeze-thawed acellular grafts. In addition, we speculated that a long storage time would yield less successful grafts. We created 10-mm defects in medial femoral condyles of 20 sheep. Defects were reconstructed with allograft plugs stored at 4°C for 1, 14, and 42 days; control specimens were freeze-thawed or defect-only. At 52 weeks, animals were euthanized and retrieved grafts were analyzed for cell viability, gross morphology, histologic grade, and biomechanical and biochemical analysis. Explanted coldstored tissue had superior histologic scores over freezethawed and defect-only grafts. Specimens stored for 1 and 42 days had higher equilibrium moduli and proteoglycan content than freeze-thawed specimens. We observed no difference among any of the cold-stored specimens for chondrocyte viability, histology, equilibrium aggregate modulus, proteoglycan content, or hypotonic swelling. Reconstructing cartilage defects with cold-stored allograft resulted in superior histologic and biomechanical properties compared with acellular freeze-thawed specimens; however, storage time did not appear to be a critical factor in the success of the transplanted allograft.

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“…The cartilage explants were washed three times (15 min each) with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM low glucose, Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) containing 10% antibiotic/antimycotic solution (10,000 Ulml penicillin, 10 mg/ml streptomycin, and 25 pg/ml amphotericin B; Gibco BRL). After washing the explants were incubated in a culture medium containing DMEM, 10% bovine fetal serum, 1% antibioticlantimycotic, and 50 pdml ascorbic acid (pH adjusted to 7.2) at 37 "C in 95% humidity and 5'%1 COz with the medium changed every other day as previously described [34]. Eight week-old bovine growth plate cartilage, obtained from a local abattoir, and human osteoarthritic cartilage, from an 85-year-old patient who had a total hip replacement performed at the Hospital for Special Surgery, were used as positive controls for the immunolocalization of collagenase-cleaved and denatured type I1 collagen, as described below.…”

Section: Cur Tilugc Esplun Tsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time, stress, and location dependent chondrocyte death and collagen damage in cyclically loaded articular cartilage

Chen

Bhargava

Lin

et al. 2003

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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113

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We investigated the effect of light (0.1 MPa), moderate (1 MPa) or heavy ( 5 MPa) cyclical stresses applied continuously or intermittently for 0 to 72 h on cell death and collagen damage in adult bovine cartilage explants. No increase in cell death was observed in the cartilage loaded with a continuous cyclic stress at 0.1 MPa for up to 72 h. Cell death occurred in the uppermost superficial tangential zone (STZ) of explants after loading for 1 h at 1 MPa, and reached a maximum depth of 61 & 23 pm by 6 h (at the rate of 9 i 6 pmlh). At 5 MPa, cell death occurred in the STZ after as little as 1 min (30 cycles) of loading, and reached a maximum depth of 70 f 2 pm by 60 min (47 rt 8 pm/h). When an intermittent (with 2 s on, 2 s off) stress of 5 MPa was applied, cell death appeared in the STZ after 2 min (30 cycles) and increased to a depth of 63 f 2 pm at 60 min (45 i 11 pm/h). No significant differences were observed between the continuous and intermittent loading conditions. Both collagenase-cleaved and denatured collagen fibers were found in the STZ of explants loaded at 1 and 5 MPd. We concluded that load-induced cell death depends on load duration and magnitude, and that the chondrocytes in the STZ are more vulnerable to load-induced injury than those in the middle and deep zones.

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Characterization of cartilage metabolic response to static and dynamic stress using a mechanical explant test system

Cited by 135 publications

References 38 publications

Topographical variation in glycosaminoglycan content in human articular cartilage

Topographical variation in glycosaminoglycan content in human articular cartilage

Material Properties of Fresh Cold-stored Allografts for Osteochondral Defects at 1 Year

Time, stress, and location dependent chondrocyte death and collagen damage in cyclically loaded articular cartilage

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