Characterization of Carbon Films Prepared from Polybenzoxazine Films

Abstract

Two types of polybenzoxazine films, PBa and PPd, that were prepared by the thermal cure of benzoxazines, Ba and Pd, were carbonized at temperature-controlled condition, and the effect of the chemical structure of the polybenzoxazines on carbonization was examined by comparing with the carbonization behavior of polyimide film. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectra measurements showed that the carbon films prepared by heat treatment of rigid polybenzoxazine, PPd, at 900 °C and 1000 °C were the most graphitized. Micrographitic structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscope observation for the carbonized films of PBa and PPd at 1000 °C.

Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

“…The XRD results demonstrated that graphitization increased with higher carbonization temperatures, as noted by the higher (002) diffraction peaks [58]. XPS analysis was able to provide similar results, and also demonstrated that despite PI being known as a good graphite precursor, the PH-ddm yielded more significant graphitization, thus further demonstrating the thermal stability of benzoxazine films and that graphitization is possible [58]. GDC curves can be used to determine further capacitive and current properties.…”

“…Benzoxazines can also be prepared as films, as seen in films made from easily carbonized polyimides (PI) or oth al. prepared carbon films derived from either bisphenol A or phenol/diaminodiphenylmethane (abbreviated as PHpolyimide made from pyromellitic dianhydride (PD) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoel XRD results demonstrated that graphitization increased w peratures, as noted by the higher (002) diffraction peaks provide similar results, and also demonstrated that desp graphite precursor, the PH-ddm yielded more significan demonstrating the thermal stability of benzoxazine films a ble [58].…”

“…This led to the conclusion that heteroatom doping, with nitrogen in particular, enhances electrochemical performance of benzoxazines. Benzoxazines can also be prepared as films, as seen in Figure 11, which are similar to films made from easily carbonized polyimides (PI) or other materials [58]. Takahashi et al prepared carbon films derived from either bisphenol A/aniline (abbreviated as BA-a) or phenol/diaminodiphenylmethane (abbreviated as PH-ddm) and compared with the polyimide made from pyromellitic dianhydride (PD) and oxydianiline.…”

A Simple Solvent-Free Strategy of Polybenzoxazine Film Elaboration with Controllable Performance via Molecular Weight Regulation between Cross-Linking Knots

“…For example, they were used as cross-linking agents for the poly­(2,5-benzimidazole)-based electrolyte membrane in order to prevent its dissolving in phosphoric acid or as the mold antisticking layer for nanoimprinting lithography. , Generally, benzoxazine monomers are powders with melting temperatures higher than 90 °C, which is the main disadvantage of their use in the preparation of PBz-based materials, as the solvent is often required for the film preparation . The use of toxic solvents (such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethylformamide − ) causes the main drawback to the benefit of the simplicity and flexibility of the PBz synthesis.…”