Characterization of Bird Impacts on a Rigid Plate: Part 1

Barber, John; Taylor, Henry; Wilbeck, James S.

doi:10.21236/ada021142

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Especially for local breaks on turbo fans during motor ingestion or on leading edge. A heterogeneous model in this case may be needed and should be a mandatory [10].…”

Section: Results and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical study of a bird strike against a windshield

Plassard¹,

Héreil²,

Joseph³

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This paper describes a bird strike study performed at THIOT-INGENIERIE laboratory. For aeronautic requirements, the 220 mm version of the gas gun TITAN is used to perform bird strike on instrumented structures. This paper shows a bird strike on a polycarbonate windshield instrumented with high speed cameras, velocity and force sensors. A crossed work with numerical simulation has been performed to design target support and diagnostic tools. It permits also to demonstrate reliability of the numerical tools.

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“…Especially for local breaks on turbo fans during motor ingestion or on leading edge. A heterogeneous model in this case may be needed and should be a mandatory [10].…”

Section: Results and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical study of a bird strike against a windshield

Plassard¹,

Héreil²,

Joseph³

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the impact speed, the response of the impactor can be elastic for low velocities, plastic for high impact velocities where the stresses exceeds the yield stress and hydrodynamic for hypervelocities where the inertial stresses are much higher than the material strength. In the experimental work of Wilbeck (1978); ; Wilbeck and Rand (1981) and Barber et al (1975, the hydrodynamic behaviour of the bird impact at high speeds has been studied.Additionally, studies of the hydrodynamics during the bird impact showed that the pressure is only a function of the density B and impact speed v B for soft-body impact. It is shown that the initial pressure peak at contact can be described by the Hugoniot pressure caused by a shock wave travelling reverse through the projectile (Heimbs (2011)).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi-disciplinary optimisation of a compressor rotor subjected to ice impact

Schlaps

Shahpar

Toropov

2017

European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Hermodynamics

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Compressors of gas turbine engines are multi-disciplinary systems whereas the different disciplines are largely considered separately. In order to produce feasible designs, the components need to be re-designed several times which is time consuming. A multi-disciplinary design process enabling an integrated approach for all discipline is described in this paper. The main disciplines considered are aerodynamics and ice impact-worthiness for the front stage intermediate pressure compressor (IPC) rotor of a modern three-spool jet-engine. Due to long lead times, ice impact analyses are usually not carried out until the aerodynamic design is reasonably mature. Only small changes to the rotor are usually allowed in order to satisfy the impact requirements that may lead to sub-optimal designs. Therefore, the introduction of ice impact analysis in the earlier design stages provides higher flexibility for the designers and leads to an overall better compressor performance. A fast thick-shell approach has been developed to model the transient dynamics of the compressor rotor impacted by crystalline ice cuboids released from upstream stators. The disciplines are linked using surrogate models which are based on the Kriging method. An adaptive multi-objective, multi-disciplinary optimisation approach has been used in order to increase the accuracy of the surrogate model iteratively in the areas of interest. It allows to optimise the performance of each discipline individually. The obtained Pareto front shows design trends in order to improve each discipline individually or both together. NOMENCLATURENumber of baldes/vanesNon-dimensional wall distance 1Copyright 2017 c by Rolls-Royce plc INTRODUCTIONAircraft fly through cold and moist air during take-off and landing where the liquid water droplets are super-cooled which means that the water temperature is below −15• C. The super-cooled water droplets are entering the core engine and are freezing instantaneously when hitting cold engine surfaces such as stators and casings. The ice accretes to thick crystalline ice shells and eventually shed in presence of vibrations and warmed-up components. The ice cuboids will then travel downstream impacting the compressor rotor. Due to the high rotor speeds, the ice impact cause severe mechanical damage. Hence, it is important to consider the impact-worthiness during the design process. Only the front stages of the compressor are typically affected by the ice impact threat as the rear stages are warmer. However, recent incidents shows that also melting ice particles can accrete on rear stages (Saxena et al. (2015)). In addition, the ice ingestion can affect the compressor aerodynamics causing a shift of the working line and stall margin when the ice melts and evaporates as shown by Saxena et al. (2015).Numerical impact analysis is common for many aircraft structures such as wings and windscreens and also fan blades. Most commonly, two kinds of foreign object damage (FOD), bird strike (softbody) and impact from foreign object debr...

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“…Regulatory requirements 1 are available for the design of these components. However, the phenomena associated with bird impact and the load generated is a matter of research [2][3][4] . At present, several types of simulation models, such as Lagrangian, Eulerian and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), are used to model and predict bird impact behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bird strikes are generally extremely short duration events that last only a few milliseconds. Wilbeck and co-workers [2][3][4] studied the characterization of bird impact on rigid surfaces by launching small birds with velocities ranging from 100 m/s to 350 m/s and measuring consequent pressure data. The time histories of pressure were described as a relatively low frequency base pressure, on which a high frequency pressure variation was superimposed, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Processing, Wavelets and high-speed Image Interpretation of Bird Impact

Karthikeyan¹,

Ramachandra²,

Vizhian³

et al. 2011

DSJ

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Bird impact on aircraft has been well documented and has been of interest for researchers in aircraft design. The process, though of very short duration, is complex in nature. A bird, which can be treated as a soft body behaves more like a fluid at high-speeds. When aircraft components become targets of bird strikes, the impact can have consequences for safety, and hence the study of the phenomena has engineering implications. In this paper, strain signals from a specially instrumented stiff fixture, high-speed imaging and wavelets are used to describe the nature of the phenomenon. Gelatin-based artificial birds were impacted on the fixture fired through an air gun at two different velocities. high-speed imaging showed different behaviours with a rebound at low-velocity (~50 m/s) and a flow behaviour at high-velocity (~100 m/s). High sampling data acquisition was used to measure the dynamic strain exerted on the fixture during bird impact. Time histories of strain signals obtained in the raw form were processed to get a Fourier spectrum and continuous wavelet transform to gain more information about different frequency patterns and the temporal distribution of the frequencies, when such impacts occurred. The frequency content for low-velocity and high-velocity impacts is characterised. It can be noted that the behaviour as described by earlier researchers was seen here as well at higher velocities, though at lower velocities, the bird behaved more like a solid. Many aircraft have approach speeds that are about 60 m/s rather than 100-200 m/s, making it important to study behaviour at lower velocities as well. The short time interval events identified in the signals provide insight into the nature of the loads on targets. This information can aid in tuning simulation models of the birds which use Lagrangian, Eulerian and smooth particle hydrodynamic models.

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Characterization of Bird Impacts on a Rigid Plate: Part 1

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental and numerical study of a bird strike against a windshield

Experimental and numerical study of a bird strike against a windshield

Multi-disciplinary optimisation of a compressor rotor subjected to ice impact

Signal Processing, Wavelets and high-speed Image Interpretation of Bird Impact

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