Characterization of biodiesel and soot contamination on four-ball wear mechanisms using electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Oungpakornkaew, Pitchaporn; Karin, Preechar; Tongsri, Ruangdaj; Hanamura, Katsunori

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203407

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Higher oxygen, Si, and lower carbon were seen in biodiesel-diesel blend origin PM than baseline diesel PM. 462,464 Agarwal et al 1 reported higher Al, Cu, Ni, and As (Arsenic) traces in the D80B20 origin PM than baseline diesel PM. A significant amount (wt.)…”

Section: Physical Characterization Of Diesel Soot Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Section: Physical Characterization Of Diesel Soot Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The width of the cracks in the cylinder fac representation of the size of the foreign particles between the mating parts. A paper cartridge newly installed in the filter only after exceeding 20-30% (F 33) of the predicted mileage ensures the required efficiency (99.5%) and accuracy filtration [72,87]. This is due to the phenomena occurring in the initial period o filtration process of the fibrous material.…”

Section: Components Of Dust Percent By Weight [%]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major causes of increased engine wear, especially with most engine manufacturers opting for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions [68][69][70] is soot contamination of engine oil [71][72][73]. Due to the increasing requirements to meet exhaust emissions, diesel engines and gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are being equipped with catalytic particulate filters.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Study on the Effect of Inlet Air Pollution on the Engine Component Wear and Operation

Dziubak

2022

Energies

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This paper systematically reviews the research progress in the field of the influence of air pollutants in the engine inlet on the accelerated wear of the elements of the association: piston, piston rings, cylinder liner (P-PR-CL), and plain bearing (journal–panel). It was shown at the outset that the primary component of air pollution is road dust. Its main components are dust grains of hard minerals (SiO2, Al2O3), which penetrate the oil film area between two frictionally mating surfaces causing their abrasive wear. Therefore, the effect of three dust parameters (grain size and hardness, and dust concentration in air) on the accelerated wear of the friction pair: piston, piston rings, cylinder liner(P-PR-CL), and plain bearing (journal–pan) is presented extensively. It was noted that the wear values of the same component were obtained by different researchers using different testing techniques and evaluated by different indices. It has been shown that the greatest wear of two frictionally cooperating surfaces is caused by dust grains with sizes equal to the thickness of the oil film at a given moment, which in typical combustion engine associations assumes varied and variable values in the range of 0–50 µm. The oil film thickness between the upper ring and the cylinder liner varies and depends on the crankshaft rotation angle, engine speed and load, and oil viscosity, and takes values less than 10 µm. It was shown that the maximum wear of the cylinder liner, resulting from the cooperation with the piston rings, occurs in the top dead centre (TDC) area and results from unfavorable (high temperature, low piston speed) operating conditions of these elements. From the extensive literature data cited, it follows that abrasive wear is caused by dust grains of specific dimensions, most often 5–20 µm, the greater the wear the greater the hardness of the grains and the sulfur content of the fuel. At the same time, it was shown that the main bearing, crankshaft bearing, and oil ring experienced maximum wear by a different range of particle size, respectively: 20–40, 5–10, and 20–80 μm. It was shown that the mass of dust that enters the engine cylinders and thus the wear of the components is determined by the concentration of dust, the value of which is definitely reduced by the air filter. However, it was pointed out that the low initial filtration efficiency and the presence of large dust grains in the purified air in the initial period of the filter operation (after replacement of the filter element with a new one) may have an impact on the accelerated wear of mainly (P-PR-CL) association. The next stage of the paper presents the effects of excessive wear of the cylinder liner and piston rings of the engine, resulting from actual vehicle operation and bench tests on the decrease in compression pressure and engine power, increase in the intensity of exhaust gas blow-by into the oil sump and increase in oil consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. This paper addresses the current problem of the effect of engine inlet air contaminants on the performance of the air flow meter, which is an essential sensor of the modern internal combustion engine. The phenomenon of deposition of contaminants (mineral dust, salt, carbon deposit, and moisture) on the measuring element (wire or layer anemometer) of the air flow meter has been analyzed. The empirical results presented show that the mineral dust layer on the measuring element of the air flow meter causes a 17.9% reduction in output voltage, and the dust and oil layer causes a 46.7% reduction in output voltage. This affects the decrease in engine power and exhaust toxicity.

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Tribological and vibration characteristics of the palm-mineral blend as a sustainable lubricant in steel-steel contacts

Kamarapu

Amarnath

Vardhaman

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Characterization of biodiesel and soot contamination on four-ball wear mechanisms using electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

A Study on the Effect of Inlet Air Pollution on the Engine Component Wear and Operation

Tribological and vibration characteristics of the palm-mineral blend as a sustainable lubricant in steel-steel contacts

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