Characterization of baseline polybacterial versus monobacterial infections in three randomized controlled bacterial conjunctivitis trials and microbial outcomes with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6%

DeCory, Heleen H; Sanfilippo, Christine M; Proskin, Howard M.; Blondeau, Joseph M

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237603

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Gatifloxacin is administered for ophthalmic use only after the withdrawal from systemic use due to its side effects (hypo- and hyperglycemia) [ 43 , 108 , 109 ]. The approved pharmaceutical formulation of besifloxacin is an ophthalmic suspension 0.6%, which contains 6.63 mg of besifloxacin hydrochloride (equivalent to 6 mg of besifloxacin) [ 46 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 107 ]. At present, attempts are being made to develop several ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulas with besifloxacin, such as nanoemulsions [ 110 ], positively charged liposomes [ 111 ], and for the treatment of bacterial keratitis new loaded nanofibrous ocular inserts [ 112 ].…”

Section: Compounds In Therapy Since 2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of the Millennial Antibacterial (Fluoro)Quinolones—Shaping the Fifth Generation

et al. 2021

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The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of highly successful compounds. Although many representatives were withdrawn due to severe adverse reactions, a few representatives have proven their therapeutical value over time. The classification of antibacterial quinolones into generations is a valuable tool for physicians, pharmacists, and researchers. In addition, the transition from one generation to another has brought new representatives with improved properties. In the last two decades, several representatives of antibacterial quinolones received approval for therapy. This review sets out to chronologically outline the group of approved antibacterial quinolones since 2000. Special attention is given to eight representatives: besifloxacin, delafoxacin, finafloxacin, lascufloxacin, nadifloxacin and levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, and zabofloxacin. These compounds have been characterized regarding physicochemical properties, formulations, antibacterial activity spectrum and advantageous structural characteristics related to antibacterial efficiency. At present these new compounds (with the exception of nadifloxacin) are reported differently, most often in the fourth generation and less frequently in a new generation (the fifth). Although these new compounds’ mechanism does not contain essential new elements, the question of shaping a new generation (the fifth) arises, based on higher potency and broad spectrum of activity, including resistant bacterial strains. The functional groups that ensured the biological activity, good pharmacokinetic properties and a safety profile were highlighted. In addition, these new representatives have a low risk of determining bacterial resistance. Several positive aspects are added to the fourth fluoroquinolones generation, characteristics that can be the basis of the fifth generation. Antibacterial quinolones class continues to acquire new compounds with antibacterial potential, among other effects. Numerous derivatives, hybrids or conjugates are currently in various stages of research.

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Section: Compounds In Therapy Since 2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of the Millennial Antibacterial (Fluoro)Quinolones—Shaping the Fifth Generation

et al. 2021

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“…Staphylococcal species including Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) are among the most common bacterial pathogens involved in the aetiology of acute conjunctivitis [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the role of staphylococci in the pathomechanism of conjunctivitis

et al. 2021

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Purpose Determination of the association between ica genes and phenotypic biofilm formation in staphylococcal isolates involved in conjunctivitis, their antibiotic resistance as well as detection of selected virulence characteristics: adhesion to epithelial cells and in vitro cytotoxicity. Methods The study included 26 Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and 26 Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) isolates. The presence of icaAD genes and ica operon was determined by the PCR assay. Phenotypic biofilm formation was verified using the microtitre plate assay. Antibiotic resistance was performed using the disc diffusion method. Staphylococcal ability to attach to host cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity on epithelial cells was evaluated by LDH assay. Results The ica genes were detected in 26.9% of SE and in 42.3% of SA isolates. Only 15.3% of isolates (SE) were positive for both the icaAD and the ica operon. Phenotypically, 19.2% of SE isolates were strong biofilm producers, among which three were both icaAD- and ica operon-positive. About 26.9% of SA isolates were strong biofilm producers. Methicillin resistance (MR) was detected in 34.6% of SE and 26.9% of SA isolates. About 75% of MR isolates were multidrug resistant. SA isolates adhered to host cells more extensively than SE. SA isolates released higher level of LDH than SE. Conclusions Adherence abilities were commonly observed in staphylococci associated with conjunctivitis. However, low prevalence of isolates positive for a complete and functional ica locus and low prevalence of strong biofilm producers was detected. SA adhered to a greater extent to eukaryotic cells than SE and were more cytotoxic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcal species including Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) are among the most common bacterial pathogens involved in the etiology of acute conjunctivitis [1]. Important aspects of pathogenic potential of staphylococci linked to their ability to cause conjunctivitis include initial adherence, inherent virulence, cytotoxicity, as well as evasion of the host immune system and antimicrobial tolerance/resistance facilitated by the bio lm production [2,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PIA consisting of the poly-β (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)-N-acetylglucosamine and encoded by the ica operon is regarded essential for the bio lm formation. In addition to bacterial aggregation and important structural functions in the bio lm matrix architecture and is implicated in bacterial adhesion to biomaterial surfaces as well as evasion from the host immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Role of Staphylococci in the Pathomechanism of Conjunctivitis

Jasińska

Bogut

Magryś

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose: Determination of the association between ica genes and phenotypic biofilm formation in staphylococcal isolates involved in conjunctivitis, their antibiotic resistance as well as detection of selected virulence characteristics: adhesion to epithelial cells and in vitro cytotoxicity.Methods: The study included 26 Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and 26 Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) isolates. The presence of icaAD genes and ica operon was determined by the PCR assay. Phenotypic biofilm formation was verified using the microtiter plate assay. Antibiotic resistance was performed using the disc diffusion method. Staphylococcal ability to attach to host cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity on epithelial cells was evaluated by LDH assay.Results: The ica genes were detected in 26.9% of SE and in 42.3% of SA isolates. Only 15.3% of isolates (SE) were positive for both the icaAD and the ica operon. Phenotypically, 19.2% of SE isolates were strong biofilm producers, among which three were both icaAD- and ica operon-positive. 26.9% of SA isolates were strong biofilm producers. Methicillin resistance (MR) was detected in 34.6% of SE and 26.9% of SA isolates. 75% of MR isolates were multidrug resistant. SA isolates adhered to host cells more extensively than SE. SA isolates released higher level of LDH than SE.Conclusions: Adherence abilities were commonly observed in staphylococci associated with conjunctivitis. However, low prevalence of isolates positive for a complete and functional ica locus and low prevalence of strong biofilm producers was detected. SA adhered to a greater extent to eukaryotic cells than SE and were more cytotoxic.

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Characterization of baseline polybacterial versus monobacterial infections in three randomized controlled bacterial conjunctivitis trials and microbial outcomes with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6%

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Structural Characterization of the Millennial Antibacterial (Fluoro)Quinolones—Shaping the Fifth Generation

Structural Characterization of the Millennial Antibacterial (Fluoro)Quinolones—Shaping the Fifth Generation

Evaluation of the role of staphylococci in the pathomechanism of conjunctivitis

Evaluation of the Role of Staphylococci in the Pathomechanism of Conjunctivitis

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