Characterization of attenuated food motivation in high-fat diet-induced obesity: Critical roles for time on diet and reinforcer familiarity

Tracy, Andrea L.; Wee, Colin J.M; Hazeltine, Grace; Carter, Rebecca A.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.008

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In our studies, we did not self-select rats based on diet consumption. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the length and exposure history of a calorie-rich food can have fundamentally different behavioral outcomes (Krishna et al, 2016; Tracy et al, 2015). For example, short-term access to a palatable food has been shown to induce anxiolytic behavior and increase in food motivation, whereas increase in anxiety-like behavior and decrease in food motivation has been reported following chronic HFD exposure in rodents (Davis et al, 2008; la Fleur et al, 2007; Sharma et al, 2012; Ulrich-Lai et al, 2010).…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing this limited access (2hr) paradigm, we have recently shown that binge-like intake of high fat diet (HFD) induced anxiolytic effects and attenuated alcohol consumption in non-dependent rats (Sirohi et al, 2016). This finding could be explained by the length and exposure history of a calorie-rich food, which has fundamentally different behavioral outcomes (Krishna et al, 2016; Tracy et al, 2015) or changes in the feeding peptides, which control behavioral constructs such as motivation and anxiety that also contribute to excess alcohol intake (Barson and Leibowitz, 2016; Morganstern et al, 2011). Therefore, in the present study, we hypothesized that extended intermittent access to HFD would lead to increased alcohol consumption in non-dependent rodents.…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermittent access to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet attenuates alcohol drinking in rats

Sirohi

Cleef

Davis

2017

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Binge eating disorder and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur in the presence of other psychiatric conditions. Data suggest that binge eating engages similar behavioral and neurochemical processes common to AUD, which might contribute to the etiology or maintenance of alcoholism. However, it is unclear how binge feeding behavior and alcohol intake interact to promote initiation or maintenance of AUD. We investigated the impact of binge-like feeding on alcohol intake and anxiety-like behavior in male Long Evans rats. Rats received chow (controls) or extended intermittent access (24 hr twice a week; Int-HFD) to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet for six weeks. Standard rodent chow was available ad-libitum to all groups and food intake was measured. Following HFD exposure, 20.0% ethanol, 2.0% sucrose intake and endocrine peptide levels were evaluated. Anxiety-like behavior was measured using a light-dark (LD) box apparatus. Rats in the Int-HFD group displayed a binge-like pattern of feeding (alternations between caloric overconsumption and voluntary caloric restriction). Surprisingly, alcohol intake was significantly attenuated in the Int-HFD group whereas sugar consumption was unaffected. Plasma acyl-ghrelin levels were significantly elevated in the Int-HFD group, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 levels did not change. Moreover, rats in the Int-HFD group spent more time in the light side of the LD box compared to controls, indicating that binge-like feeding induced anxiolytic effects. Collectively, these data suggest that intermittent access to HFD attenuates alcohol intake through reducing anxiety-like behavior, a process potentially controlled by elevated plasma ghrelin levels.

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Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent access to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet attenuates alcohol drinking in rats

Sirohi

Cleef

Davis

2017

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…One caveat is that by the time of the progressive measurements, the effect of PF diet on bodyweight dissipated and PF rats' weights were similar to the other groups. Other studies have found effects of chronic excess energy consumption and dietinduced obesity on progressive ratio tasks, but studies have found opposite effects, including both increased and decreased PR breakpoints [31,77]. The degree of obesity, the length of time on the high-energy diet, and its sensory properties may all play roles in shifting motivation [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other studies have found effects of chronic excess energy consumption and dietinduced obesity on progressive ratio tasks, but studies have found opposite effects, including both increased and decreased PR breakpoints [31,77]. The degree of obesity, the length of time on the high-energy diet, and its sensory properties may all play roles in shifting motivation [31]. Thus more work on this issue would be worthwhile, as the effects of prior diet history and overweight on progressive ratio tasks appears complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once trained, operant lever-pressing was observed on a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule, which means that as each pellet is earned, the number of lever presses required to earn the next pellet is progressively increased. Each rats' breakpointthe point at which the rat ceases responding because the reinforcer is no longer sufficient to maintain the required workloadis taken as a measure of how motivated a rat is to obtain the sucrose reinforcer (e.g., [29][30][31]). Prior work has shown, for example, that PR breakpoint predicts individual differences in rats' ad lib sugar consumption [32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modern ‘junk food’ and minimally-processed ‘natural food’ cafeteria diets alter the response to sweet taste but do not impair flavor-nutrient learning in rats

Palframan

Myers

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Animals learn to prefer and increase consumption of flavors paired with postingestive nutrient sensing. Analogous effects have been difficult to observe in human studies. One possibility is experience with the modern, processed diet impairs learning. Food processing manipulates flavor, texture, sweetness, and nutrition, obscuring ordinary correspondences between sensory cues and postingestive consequences. Over time, a diet of these processed 'junk' foods may impair flavor-nutrient learning. This 'flavor-confusion' hypothesis was tested by providing rats long-term exposure to cafeteria diets of unusual breadth (2 or 3 foods per day, 96 different foods over 3 months, plus ad libitum chow). One group was fed processed foods (PF) with added sugars/fats and manipulated flavors, to mimic the sensory-nutrient properties of the modern processed diet. Another group was fed only 'natural' foods (NF) meaning minimally-processed foods without manipulated flavors or added sugars/fats (e.g., fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains) ostensibly preserving the ordinary correspondence between flavors and nutrition. A CON group was fed chow only. In subsequent tests of flavor-nutrient learning, PF and NF rats consistently acquired strong preferences for novel nutrient-paired flavors and PF rats exhibited enhanced learned acceptance, contradicting the 'flavor-confusion' hypothesis. An unexpected finding was PF and NF diets both caused lasting reduction in ad lib sweet solution intake. Groups did not differ in reinforcing value of sugar in a progressive ratio task. In lick microstructure analysis the NF group paradoxically showed increased sucrose palatability relative to PF and CON, suggesting the diets have different effects on sweet taste evaluation.

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Decrease in Operant Responding Under Obesogenic Diet Exposure is not Related to Deficits in Incentive or Hedonic Processes

Ducrocq

Hyde

Fanet

et al. 2018

Obesity

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Objective: A growing body of evidence suggests that obesity could result from alterations in reward processing. In rodent models, chronic exposure to an obesogenic diet leads to blunted dopamine signaling and related incentive responding. This study aimed to determine which reward-related behavioral dimensions are actually impacted by obesogenic diet exposure. Methods: Mice were chronically exposed to an obesogenic diet. Incentive and hedonic processes were tested through operant conditioning and licking microstructures, respectively. In parallel, mesolimbic dopamine transmission was assessed using microdialysis. Results: Prolonged high-fat (HF) diet exposure led to blunted mesolimbic dopamine release, paralleled by a decrease in operant responding in all schedules tested. HF-fed and control animals similarly decreased their operant responding in an effort-based choice task, and HF-fed animals displayed an overall lower calorie intake in this task. Analysis of the licking microstructures during consumption of a freely accessible reward suggested a decrease in basal hunger and a potentiation of gastrointestinal inhibition in HF-fed animals, without changes in hedonic reactivity. Conclusions: These results suggest that the decrease in operant responding under prolonged HF diet exposure is mainly driven by decrease in hunger as well as stronger postingestive negative feedback mechanisms, rather than by a decrease in incentive or hedonic responses.

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Characterization of attenuated food motivation in high-fat diet-induced obesity: Critical roles for time on diet and reinforcer familiarity

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Intermittent access to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet attenuates alcohol drinking in rats

Intermittent access to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet attenuates alcohol drinking in rats

Modern ‘junk food’ and minimally-processed ‘natural food’ cafeteria diets alter the response to sweet taste but do not impair flavor-nutrient learning in rats

Decrease in Operant Responding Under Obesogenic Diet Exposure is not Related to Deficits in Incentive or Hedonic Processes

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