Characterization of arachidonic-acid-metabolizing enzymes in adult Schistisoma mansoni

Baset, Heba Abdel; O’Neill, Gary P.; Ford‐Hutchinson, A. W.

doi:10.1016/0166-6851(95)00085-f

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Eicosanoids have also been detected in the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni (1,6,42,43,115). Interestingly, researchers have detected soluble lipoxygenase activity but no cyclooxygenase activity (1).…”

Section: Protozoa Helminths and Fungimentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Interestingly, researchers have detected soluble lipoxygenase activity but no cyclooxygenase activity (1). This enzyme produces a 15-HETE-like product from arachidonic acid as well as a 13-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid-like product from linoleic acid.…”

Section: Protozoa Helminths and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the exact nature of the signals that trigger the transformation from one form to another has been elusive, some have recently been discovered. Notably, in the helminths Schistosoma mansoni and Brugia malayi, these transformation signals are oxylipin products (1,125).…”

Section: Helminth Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

2003

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Oxylipins are oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids. Eicosanoids are a subset of oxylipins and include the prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are potent regulators of host immune responses. Host cells are one source of eicosanoids and oxylipins during infection; however, another potential source of eicosanoids is the pathogen itself. A broad range of pathogenic fungi, protozoa, and helminths produce eicosanoids and other oxylipins by novel synthesis pathways. Why do these organisms produce oxylipins? Accumulating data suggest that phase change and differentiation in these organisms are controlled by oxylipins, including prostaglandins and lipoxygenase products. The precise role of pathogen-derived eicosanoids in pathogenesis remains to be determined, but the potential link between pathogen eicosanoids and the development of TH2 responses in the host is intriguing. Mammalian prostaglandins and leukotrienes have been studied extensively, and these molecules can modulate Th1 versus Th2 immune responses, chemokine production, phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Thus, eicosanoids and oxylipins (host or microbe) may be mediators of a direct host-pathogen “cross-talk” that promotes chronic infection and hypersensitivity disease, common features of infection by eukaryotic pathogens

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Section: Protozoa Helminths and Fungimentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Protozoa Helminths and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

2003

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“…With an active arachidonate cascade, cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni are able to produce eicosanoids for successful penetration and transformation (Fusco et al, 1985(Fusco et al, , 1986. Moreover, adult worms of S. mansoni have a soluble, enzymatically active lipoxygenase (Lox) (Abdel Baset et al, 1995). The arachidonic-acid derived eicosanoids have been reported to play important roles in parasite physiology and host -parasite interactions (Daugschies & Joachim, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and utilization of arachidonic acid in infective larvae ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis

Tang

Wang

2010

J. Helminthol.

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Infective larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis may take up and incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into their lipid pool. By scintillation counting, uptake and incorporation were determined to be time dependent. Arachidonic acid was mainly incorporated into phospholipid (56.8%) and neutral lipid (22.4%) pools. In the neutral lipids, 64.0% was diglyceride and 36.0% triglyceride. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant fatty acid in the phospholipid pool. In addition to the release of leukotriene B4, the parasite was found to generate radiolabelled CO2 after incubation with [U-14C]arachidonate. Moreover, enzymatic analysis of crude extracts revealed the presence of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short and long chain), thiolase, enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. These findings suggest that infective larvae of A. cantonensis not only take up and incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into their lipid pool, but may also utilize the fatty acid through a functional β-oxidation pathway.

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“…The eicosanoids are lipid compounds produced by the enzymatic oxygenation of arachidonic acid (AA) and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although it is not clear whether AA is produced by helminths, it is well accepted that eicosanoids can be elaborated by the parasites by using host AA (Belley and Chadee 1995;Baset et al 1995). We have, therefore, investigated the microsomal GST activity in the microsomes of T. solium larvae, to establish whether they are integral membrane enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Taenia solium cysticerci microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity

2007

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Glutathione S-transferase activity has been shown to be associated with the microsomal fraction of Taenia solium. Electron microscopy and subcellular enzyme markers indicate the purity of the microsomal fraction that contains the glutathione S-transferase activity. T. solium microsomes were solubilized under conditions used to solubilize integral microsomal proteins. This procedure proved necessary to obtain enzymatic activity. To characterize this parasite enzyme activity, several substrates and inhibitors were used. The optimum activity for microsomal glutathione S-transferase was found to be pH 6.6, with a specific enzyme activity of 0.9, 0.1, 0.067, 0.03, and 0.05 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) with the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, 4-hydroxynonenal, 2,4-hexadienal, and trans-2-nonenal, respectively. No activity of glutathione peroxidase was observed. T. solium microsomes had an appKm (GSH)=0.161 microM, appKm (CDNB)=14.5 microM, and appVmax of 0.15 and 27.9 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) for GSH and CDNB, respectively. T. solium microsomes were inhibited by several glutathione S-transferase enzyme inhibitors, and it was possible to establish a simple inhibition system as well as corresponding Ki's for each inhibitor. These results indicate that the T. solium microsomal glutathione S-transferase is different from the parasite cytoplasmic enzymes that catalyze similar reactions.

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Characterization of arachidonic-acid-metabolizing enzymes in adult Schistisoma mansoni

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

Uptake and utilization of arachidonic acid in infective larvae ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis

Characterization of Taenia solium cysticerci microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity

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