Abstract:Crystalline rocks are generally characterized by negligible porosity and permeability in terms of groundwater exploitability. However, alteration processes can greatly increase their fracture permeability and induce formation of modest, but locally important aquifers. Therefore, subsurface characteristics of alteration zones are of major importance for hydrogeological evaluation of crystalline terrains. Alteration processes greatly affect rock total porosity and water content, causing contrasting electrical re… Show more
“…Additionally, soluble nitrate is extraordinarily mobile and can be extracted from soil with percolating water, rendering it inaccessible for crop uptake and accumulation. When pollution enters drinking water sources, fertilizer nitrates can cause serious health hazards, particularly for young livestock and babies [109].…”
Recognition of sustainability issues around water resource consumption is gaining traction under global warming and land utilization complexities. These concerns increase the challenge of gaining an appropriate comprehension of the anthropogenic activities and natural processes, as well as how they influence the quality of surface water and groundwater systems. The characteristics of water resources cause difficulties in the comprehensive assessment regarding the source types, pathways, and pollutants behaviors. As the behavior and prediction of widely known contaminants in the water resources remain challenging, some new issues have developed regarding heavy metal pollutants. The main aim of this review is to focus on certain essential pollutants’ discharge from anthropogenic activities categorized based on land-use sectors such as industrial applications (solid/liquid wastes, chemical compounds, mining activities, spills, and leaks), urban development (municipal wastes, land use practices, and others), and agricultural practices (pesticides and fertilizers). Further, important pollutants released from natural processes classified based on climate change, natural disasters, geological factors, soil/matrix, and hyporheic exchange in the aquatic environment, are also discussed. Moreover, this study addresses the major inorganic substances (nitrogen, fluoride, and heavy metals concentrations). This study also emphasizes the necessity of transdisciplinary research and cross-border communication to achieve sustainable water quality using sound science, adaptable legislation, and management systems.
“…Additionally, soluble nitrate is extraordinarily mobile and can be extracted from soil with percolating water, rendering it inaccessible for crop uptake and accumulation. When pollution enters drinking water sources, fertilizer nitrates can cause serious health hazards, particularly for young livestock and babies [109].…”
Recognition of sustainability issues around water resource consumption is gaining traction under global warming and land utilization complexities. These concerns increase the challenge of gaining an appropriate comprehension of the anthropogenic activities and natural processes, as well as how they influence the quality of surface water and groundwater systems. The characteristics of water resources cause difficulties in the comprehensive assessment regarding the source types, pathways, and pollutants behaviors. As the behavior and prediction of widely known contaminants in the water resources remain challenging, some new issues have developed regarding heavy metal pollutants. The main aim of this review is to focus on certain essential pollutants’ discharge from anthropogenic activities categorized based on land-use sectors such as industrial applications (solid/liquid wastes, chemical compounds, mining activities, spills, and leaks), urban development (municipal wastes, land use practices, and others), and agricultural practices (pesticides and fertilizers). Further, important pollutants released from natural processes classified based on climate change, natural disasters, geological factors, soil/matrix, and hyporheic exchange in the aquatic environment, are also discussed. Moreover, this study addresses the major inorganic substances (nitrogen, fluoride, and heavy metals concentrations). This study also emphasizes the necessity of transdisciplinary research and cross-border communication to achieve sustainable water quality using sound science, adaptable legislation, and management systems.
“…Sepanjang lembah sungai banyak ditemukan singkapan batuan breksi dan bongkah hasil rombakan batuan. Pada kondisi tersebut, umumnya singkapan batuan yang tidak terlalu lapuk dan biasanya terfragmentasi di tebing-tebing kecil dan lereng yang curam, sedangkan lapisan endapan permukaan akan menutupi bagian batuan yang belum mengalami pelapukan (Briški et al, 2020). Bagian yang landai tertutup oleh deposit koluvial.…”
This study aims to identify the potential groundwater in Jedong, Malang, East Java. The hydrogeomorphological approach is a suitable approach to describe the relationship between hydrological and geomorphological processes on and below the earth's surface. The survey of geoelectricity complements the hydrogeomorphological approach. It will give a better description of the groundwater conditions below the earth's surface. Based on the research, there are 2 hydrogeomorphological units in the study area, which are: Volcanic Foot Valley Unit and Volcanic Foot Ridge Unit. The best groundwater potential is in Volcanic Foot Valley Hydrogeomorphological unit, namely Awar-awar Valley and Cokro Valley. The valleys are dominated by gully erosion and landslides. They have surface deposits up to a depth of 7 meters, and lots of outcrops of breccia, pumice, and andesite boulders. The valley’s springs discharge between 56 - 198 m3/day. The average infiltration rate in the valley is 1776 mm / hour, with sandy soil material. The best aquifer consisting of sandy material is more than 10 meters in depth, based on the geoelectrical survey. Water in the aquiclude layer, cannot be exploited because it is breccia and tuff material. The Sawah valley cannot be exploited further because the groundwater potential is very low. This can be identified by the thick water outflow seepage. In the Volcanic Foot Ridge Hydrogeomorphological unit, the groundwater potential is also very small. Hydrogeomorphically, water will flow down the slope to the valley. It will reduce the infiltration rate. In general, the ridge area is only used for settlement, while the slopes are used for dryland agriculture. The geoelectric analysis results show that the groundwater potential is at a depth of more than 45 meters. This research’s results show that the combination of the hydrogeomorphological approach and the geoelectric use will provide a better description of the potential groundwater.
“…Dalam ilmu kebumian, metode geofisika sudah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan akuifer. Metode geofisika seperti Electrical Resistiity Imaging (ERI) [6,7,8], kombinasi metode Vertical Resistivity Sounding (VES) dan elektromagnetik (EM) [9], dan integrasi metode magnetik, very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF) and geolistrik resistivitas [10], telah berhasil diaplikasikan di berbagai belahan dunia. Selain mendapatkan hasil yang cepat, metode ini juga lebih murah dan mudah untuk diaplikasikan.…”
Penelitian untuk menginvestigasi keberadaan air tanah menggunakan metode Electrical Resistiity Imaging (ERI) dilakukan di kampus Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung Selatan yang daerahnya didominasi endapan piroklastik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium untuk mengukur nilai resistivitas material secara langsung, dan juga dilakukan pengukuran data lapangan. Pengamatan laboratorium menunjukkan variasi nilai resistivitas untuk tuf pada kondisi kering berkisar 78.39 - 268.78 Ωm, dan nilai resistivitasnya menjadi 15.35 - 45.82 Ωm ketika tersaturasi, sedangkan nilai resistivitas untuk lempung tufan kering sebesar 93.36 - 292.48 Ωm dan pada saat tersaturasi air sebesar 4.56 - 13.47 Ωm. Pada data lapangan pada lapisan pertama yang didominasi tuf dengan nilai resistivitas sedang sampai tinggi karena materialnya kering, lapisan kedua dan keempat mempunyai resistivitas rendah karena tersaturasi oleh air, dan lapisan ketiga diinterpretasi sebagai lempung tufa dengan nilai resistivitas sedang hingga tinggi. Dari hasil mengindikasikan adanya akuifer pada kedalaman 0 – 30 m dan kedalaman di bawah 60 m.
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