Characterization of apicomplexan amino acid transporters (ApiATs) in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract

During the symptomatic human blood phase malaria parasites replicate within red blood cells. Parasite proliferation relies on the uptake of nutrients, such as amino acids, from the host cell and the blood plasma. Amino acids are delivered to the parasite through the parasite surrounding vacuolar compartment by specialized nutrient-permeable channels of the erythrocyte membrane and the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). In contrast, amino acid transport across the parasite plasma membrane (PPM) is not well characterized to date. In this study, we focused on a family of Apicomplexan amino acid transporters (ApiATs) that comprises five members in Plasmodium falciparum. First, we localized four of the Pf ApiATs at the PPM using endogenous GFP-tagging. Next, we applied reverse genetic approaches to probe into their essentiality during asexual replication and gametocytogenesis. Upon inducible knockdown and targeted gene disruption a reduced asexual parasite proliferation was detected for PfApiAT2 and PfApiAT4. Functional inactivation of individual PfApiATs targeted in this study had no effect on gametocyte development. Our data suggest that individual PfApiATs are partially redundant during asexual in vitro proliferation and fully redundant during gametocytogenesis of P. falciparum parasites.

PMRT1, aPlasmodiumspecific parasite plasma membrane transporter is essential for asexual and sexual blood stage development

“…GlmS based knockdown experiments in gametocytes were performed as described previously (94). Briefly, synchronized ring stage cultures were induced by the addition of shield-1.…”