Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and quinolone resistance factors in high‐level ciprofloxacin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates obtained from fresh produce and fecal samples of patients

Kim, Min Chan; Woo, Gun Jo

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8115

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These data are similar to previous reports [1,22]. In this study, the rate of ciprofloxacin resistance in Enterococcus species was high and most isolates exhibited high levels of resistance (MIC50=32 mg/L, MIC90=256 mg/L), as reported previously [23]; the rate of ciprofloxacin resistance in E. faecium species showed a significant difference when compared to E. faecalis (84.91% of E. faecium and 63.16% of E. faecalis strains), similar to a previous report [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Identification of two novel type II topoisomerase mutations in Enterococcus spp. isolated from a hospital in China

Peng

Wang

et al. 2021

ARCH BIOL SCI BELGRA

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Type II topoisomerases, including DNA gyrase (GyrA) and topoisomerase IV (ParC), contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus spp. This study investigated the mutational status of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and ParC in the clinical isolates of enterococci from a hospital in Baotou, China. We analyzed 110 enterococcal isolates, including 57 Enterococcus faecalis and 53 Enterococcus faecalis faecium. The resistance rates of E. faecalis and E. faecium to ciprofloxacin were 63.16% and 84.91%, respectively. We found that 32 samples of E. faecalis and 42 of E. faecium had single or combined mutations in gyrA and/or parC, which were all resistant to ciprofloxacin. Only two ciprofloxacin-resistant E. faecalis isolates had no mutation. No mutations in gyrA and parC genes in all ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates were found. Ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the mutation group were significantly higher than those of the nonmutation group, indicating that mutations in the QRDRs of gyrA and parC were correlated with MIC elevation. Two novel substitutions (GyrA Ser83Phe and ParC Ser80Leu) of E. faecalis were identified herein. Three-dimensional modeling revealed that these novel amino acid substitutions could disrupt the water/metal-ion bridge and decrease the interaction between the enzymes and ciprofloxacin. The data showed a diversity of mutation types in QRDRs of type II topoisomerases whose association with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of enterococci warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Identification of two novel type II topoisomerase mutations in Enterococcus spp. isolated from a hospital in China

Peng

Wang

et al. 2021

ARCH BIOL SCI BELGRA

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“…The type of mutations is also different: In a study conducted by Lopez et al, 15 all strains with ciprofloxacin MIC >32 mg/l presented amino acid changes in GyrA protein (S83I, S83Y, S83R or S83I, and E87G) with/without changes in ParC protein (S80I or S80R or S80I). A report by Kanematsu et al 19 10,20 This is in contrast to Yasufuku et al 16 who found that mutations were significantly correlated with the MICs of levofloxacin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Co-Incidence of Type II Topoisomerase Mutations and Efflux Expression in High Fluoroquinolone Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections

Esfahani¹,

Ahmadrajabi²,

Mollaie³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most common pathogens in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Fluoroquinolones have been frequently used to treat E. faecalis UTIs, and the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. faecalis strains has recently been reported in several countries. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical E. faecalis isolates by analyzing mutations in quinolone-resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC and investigating the role of some efflux pumps. Methods: In total, 70 clinical E. faecalis isolates collected from UTIs were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and multidrug-resistant (including ciprofloxacin resistant) isolates were studied for minimum inhibitory concentrations to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin. In the following, mutations in QRDRs of gyrA and parC and expression of EfrA, EfrB, and EmeA efflux pumps were investigated in 20 high-level ciprofloxacin resistant and two ciprofloxacin susceptible isolates. Results: High-level resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 97.5% of isolates. Sequencing of QRDRs revealed that 65% and 75% of isolates carried mutations in gyrA and parC, respectively. The presence of efflux genes was detected in all studied isolates, but expression of efrA, emeA, and efrB was demonstrated in 50%, 40%, and 30% of resistant isolates, respectively. Neither QRDR mutation nor the expression of efflux genes showed any significant association with MIC. Conclusion: Co-incidence of mutation and efflux gene expression in more than half of isolates (13/20) suggests that both mechanisms may play a role in fluoroquinolone resistance. The other unknown mechanisms including different efflux pumps and probably other QRDRs mutations may contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. faecalis.

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“…The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program was designed to track antimicrobial resistance trends and the spectrum of microbial pathogens causing human infection on a global scale. The SENTRY Program has unique features that distinguish it from other excellent surveillance projects, such as the SCOPE Program [46, 47], the NHSN [2, 48], the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) [49], and population-based surveillance programs conducted in the United States [5, 29], Australia [14], Canada [13, 16, 17], China [18], India [15], South Korea [59], Norway [60], and Taiwan [19]. Whereas these cited programs are usually based in a single country, may track only nosocomial infections, and/or rely primarily on a wide variety of susceptibility testing results/methods from participating centers, the SENTRY Program monitors nosocomial and community-onset infections on a global scale using validated reference identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods in a central monitoring laboratory design, including central quality assurance [10, 24, 33, 35–42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Geographic Variation in Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Patterns of Enterococci: Results From the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997–2016

Pfaller

Cormican

Flamm

et al. 2019

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program was established in 1997 and presently encompasses more than 750 000 bacterial isolates from over 400 medical centers worldwide. Among these pathogens, enterococci represents a prominent cause of bloodstream (BSIs), intra-abdominal (IAIs), skin and skin structure, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). In the present study, we reviewed geographic and temporal trends in Enterococcus species and resistant phenotypes identified throughout the SENTRY Program. Methods From 1997 to 2016, a total of 49 491 clinically significant enterococci isolates (15 species) were submitted from 298 medical centers representing the Asia-Pacific (APAC), European, Latin American (LATAM), and North American (NA) regions. Bacteria were identified by standard algorithms and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility (S) testing was performed by reference broth microdilution methods and interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute/US Food and Drug Administration and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing criteria. Results The most common Enterococcus species in all 4 regions were Enterococcus faecalis (64.7%) and E. faecium (EFM; 29.0%). Enterococci accounted for 10.7% of BSIs in NA and was most prominent as a cause of IAIs (24.0%) in APAC and of UTIs (19.8%) in LATAM. A steady decrease in the susceptibility to ampicillin and vancomycin was observed in all regions over the 20-year interval. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) accounted for more than 8% of enterococcal isolates in all regions and was most common in NA (21.6%). Among the 7615 VRE isolates detected, 89.1% were the VanA phenotype (91.0% EFM) and 10.9% were VanB. Several newer antimicrobial agents demonstrated promising activity against VRE, including daptomycin (99.6–100.0% S), linezolid (98.0%–99.6% S), oritavancin (92.2%–98.3% S), tedizolid (99.5%–100.0% S), and tigecycline (99.4%–100.0% S). Conclusions Enterococci remained a prominent gram-positive pathogen in the SENTRY Program from 1997 through 2016. The overall frequency of VRE was 15.4% and increased over time in all monitored regions. Newly released agents with novel mechanisms of action show promising activity against VRE.

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Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and quinolone resistance factors in high‐level ciprofloxacin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates obtained from fresh produce and fecal samples of patients

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Identification of two novel type II topoisomerase mutations in Enterococcus spp. isolated from a hospital in China

Identification of two novel type II topoisomerase mutations in Enterococcus spp. isolated from a hospital in China

<p>Co-Incidence of Type II Topoisomerase Mutations and Efflux Expression in High Fluoroquinolone Resistant <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections</p>

Temporal and Geographic Variation in Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Patterns of Enterococci: Results From the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997–2016

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